Nangona sele iphantse iminyaka engama-80 ukususela kukaSigmund Freud, umsebenzi wakhe kunye neengcamango ziqhubeka ukushiya uphawu kumakhwenksi namhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo uchazwa njengomnye wabacebisi abanempembelelo kakhulu kwimbali yengqondo kunye nolunye lweengxabano. Nangona ezininzi iingcamango zakhe azizange zime ukuvavanya kwexesha, abafundi baqhubeka befunda ngomsebenzi wakhe kunye nempembelelo enokuba nayo kwizengqondo kunye neendlela ezikhoyo zokufunda ukuziphatha kwabantu.
Kule khokelo lolu cwaningo, hlola iimbuzo eziphambili zokufunda malunga noFrud kunye neengqondo zakhe ze-psychoanalytic, funda ezinye zeemeko ezibalulekileyo kunye neenkcazo, kwaye uthathe imbuzo esheshayo ukuvavanya ukuqonda kwakho.
Ziziphi Iimpawu Zengqondo Yengqondo?
I-Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud yahlula ingqondo engqondweni kwizinto ezintathu: i-conscious, i-precance, ne-consciousness. Ingqondo engenalwazi iquka zonke izinto esiziqondileyo, kodwa zingabonakaliswa ngezinto ezifana neendlophu kunye ne-Freudian.
Zingaphi Iingxenye zobuntu zikhona kwaye Zidibana njani?
- Iingxenye ezintathu zobuntu ziyi-id, i-ego, kunye ne-superego.
- I-id isebenza ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokuzonwabisa .
- I-ego isebenza ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokwenyani .
- I-superego isebenza njengomthombo wokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kwaye iqulethe i-ego efanelekileyo kunye nesazela.
- Injongo ye-ego kukudibana phakathi kweemfuno ze-id, i-superego, kunye nenyaniso. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwale mibutho emithathu, ukuxhalabisa kungenziwa. Ukuze ukwazi ukujamelana nale nkxalabo, i-ego ithembele kwiindlela zokukhusela .
Ziziphi iiNqanaba loPhuhliso loBuntu?
- UFrud uphakamisa ukuba ubuntu bubangelwa zizigaba ezinhlanu zokuphuhlisa ubundlobongela , oku: izigaba zomlomo (ezilawulwa yi-id), isigaba sokulinganisa (i-ego yenziwe), isigaba se-phallic (i-superego ivela), i-latency (isigaba liphawulwe ngokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo), kunye nesigaba sokuzalwa kwesini (imizwa yoxhatshazo ngokwesini).
- Xa umntu 'enamathele' kwisigaba esithile sokuphuhliswa, ukulungiswa kungabangela. Ngenxa yoko, umntu omdala ubhalwe ngokungaphelelanga okungazange kusombulule ebuntwaneni.
- Ngethuba lepallic of development, i- Oedipal complex and Electra complex complex generate anxiety. Ezi zintlanzi ziphawulwa zizivakalelo zesondo malunga nomzali wesini esahlukileyo. Ukuze kulungiswe le xhalaba, abantwana baqaphela ukuba ngabazali babo bobulili obufanayo.
Abani aba-Neo-Freudians kunye neengcamango zabo ezahluke njani kwi-Freud's?
- I- Neo-Freudians yayifaka uKarry Horney, uAlfred Adler, no-Erik Erikson.
- UHorney wayegatye inkolelo kaFreud yomona wesono waza wabonisa intsingiselo yakhe eyayijolise kwiinkxalabo ezisisiseko kunye neemfuno ezingenanto .
- U-Adler wavelisa i-theory esekelwe kwindlela yokuba iimvakalelo ezingaphantsi ziyimpembelelo yokuziphatha kwabantu.
- U-Erikson wadala inzululwazi yentuthuko eyayiquka ubomi bonke kwaye ijolise ekuhlaleni.
Imigqaliselo ye-Freudian kunye neenkcazo omele wazi
Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe eso sibonelo esibalulekileyo kwiklasi yezengqondo zakho zobuntu, kukho imigaqo nemigqaliselo enxulumene neFreud ne-psychoanalysis okufuneka uyiqonde. Ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo ziquka: