(1886 - 1939)
Eyaziwayo kakhulu:
- Uphando ngezingane ezikhethekileyo
- Iingqondo zeentombi
- Sebenza kwizengqondo zeklinikhi
- Sebenza kwi-psychology zemfundo
Ukuzalwa nokufa:
Ngo-Meyi 25, 1886-Novemba 27, 1939
Obomi bakwangoko:
I-Stetter ye-Leta yazalwa eNebraska ngoMeyi 25, ngo-1886. Ubomi bokuqala buka-Leta babonakaliswa yintlungu xa umama wakhe efa ebeletha umntwana wakhe wesithathu. Uyise wakhe washiya intsapho waza wabashiya abantwana ukuba bakhuliswe ngabazali bomama, kuphela ukuba babuyele emva kweminyaka elishumi ukuba babuyisele abantwana baze bafune ukuba bahambe naye kunye nomfazi wakhe omtsha.
Emva koko umgca wachaza umzi njengento ehlaselayo, ehlanjelwa utywala kunye nokuxhaphazwa ngokomzimba. Imfundo yakhe yaba yindawo yokukhusela, yamvumela ukuba ahlolisise iitalente zakhe njengomlobi. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-15 kuphela wayeseqeshwe ukuba abhale iikholomu zephephandaba leedolophu, kwaye washiya ikhaya ngokulungileyo xa ephumelele esikolweni esiphakeme ngo-1902.
Umgca obhalise kwiikholeji kwiYunivesithi yaseNebraska eLincoln xa wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. U-Jikelele wagqiba i-bachelor degree kunye nesitifiketi sokufundisa ngo-1906 waza watshata noHarry Hollingworth ngo-1908.
Umsebenzi:
U-Stetter u-Hollingworth waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi kunye nomncedisi wemfundo e-Nebraska izikolo eziphakamileyo. Ngokukhawuleza wathuthela eNew York ukuba abe nomyeni wakhe njengoko wagqiba izifundo zakhe zobugqirha. Ngethuba wayekade eceba ukuqhubeka nootitshala, iNew York akazange avumele abafazi abatshatileyo ukuba bafundise isikolo ngelo xesha. Ekhungathekile kwaye enyuka, ngokukhawuleza wabhalisa kwi-University of Columbia waza wafumana i-Master's Education kwi-1913.
Wathatha indawo kwiCity Clearing for Defective Defectives apho wayesebenza kwaye wafumana iimvavanyo zeBinet intelligence. Waqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili izifundo zakhe zengqondo phantsi kokhokelo lweengcali zeengqondo u- Edward L. Thorndike . Wawugqiba yakhe Ph.D. ngo-1916 waza wathatha umsebenzi kwiKholeji yaseColor's Teachers, apho wahlala khona emsebenzini wakhe wonke.
Iintetho zokuqala zophando zaseHollingworth zijolise kwiengqondo zabasetyhini. Enye yezilingo zakhe zakuqala zatshitshisa ingcamango yokuba amadoda ayengaphaya kobulumko kunabesifazane. Wajonga i-data yamadoda ayi-1 000 kunye nabafazi abayi-1 000 kwaye wafumanisa ukuba akukho nto eyahlukileyo phakathi kwabafundi nabesetyhini.
Ngophando olungakumbi malunga neengqondo zabasetyhini, iHollingworth inselele ingcamango ngexesha lokuba abafazi babenemfuneko yokungahambi kakuhle ngexesha lokuya esikhathini. Le nkolelo yayinempembelelo enkulu kumalungelo amabhinqa, kuba abaninzi abaqeshi benqabile ukuqesha abafazi kuba babekholelwa ukuba abayi kuba nako ukwenza umsebenzi wabo malunga neveki nganye ngenyanga. Ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu, wavavanya amabhinqa angama-23 kunye namadoda amabini kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eyavavanya ingqondo yengqondo kunye nezakhono zamandla. Wafumanisa ukuba kwakungekho nantlukwano yokwenza nayiphi na imeko kumjikelezo wesini wesibini.
I-Hollingworth nayo idume ngokuba ngumsebenzi wakhe onabantwana abanesakhono. Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wakhe wokulawula iimvavanyo zengqondo , waba nomdla kwi-psychology yobuchule. Wayekholelwa ukuba iinkonzo zezemfundo zazihlala zibalahlile aba bafundi kuba ootitshala nabazali bakholelwa ukuba aba bantu abanesakhono banokuzinyamekela.
Kunoko, i-Hollingworth yaphakamisa ukuba kubalulekile ukudala ikharityhulam eyenzelwe ukukhuthaza iimfuno ezithile zabantwana abanesipho. I-Hollingworth nayo yabhala incwadi yokuqala epheleleyo malunga nezingane ezinezipho kunye nokufundisa ikhosi yokuqala yekholeji.
Ucwaningo lukaHollingsworth lwabantwana abanesakhono luhambelane nokufunda okudumileyo kukaLesen Terman ngabantu abaneengqondi. Abacingisi ababini abazange badibana, kodwa babanjwe ngomsebenzi omnye nomnye. Enye yezinto ezahlukileyo phakathi kweendlela zabo kukuba xa u-Terman ekholelwa ukuba ubunzima beengcambu, i-Hollingworth ibandakanyeke kakhulu kwimimandla engqongileyo kunye nemfundo eyabangela ukuba i-intelligence.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo:
Hollingworth, L. (1914). Ukuchasana okunxulumene nokuhlukana kobulili kwimpumelelo. I-American Journal of Sociology, 19, 510-530.
Hollingworth, uL. (1916). Ukwahlukana ngokwezesondo kwiimpawu zengqondo. I-Psychological Bulletin, 13, 377-384.
Hollingworth, uLS (1927). Umfazi omtsha ekwenzeni. Imbali ekhoyo, 27, 15-20.
Hollingworth, uLS (1928). Ingqondo yengqondo yomntwana. ENew York: D. Appelton kunye neNkampani.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi:
U-Stetter Hollingworth ophayona uphando lweengqondo ngabasetyhini kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wancedisa ukukhupha inani leengcinga ezazisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukuphikisana namalungelo amabhinqa. Njengoprofesa wengqondo, waqeqesha abafundi abaninzi abaye baba ngabafundi beengqondo, kubandakanya uFlorence Goodenough. U-Hollingworth wafa ngoNovemba 27, 1939 wesifo somhlaza.
Ngethuba ubomi bakhe bokuqala babonakaliswa ubunzima kwaye nangona efile ukuba usemncinci, wakwazi ukuba ngumbono obalaseleyo wengqondo kunye nokushiya uphawu olungapheliyo kwintsimi yengqondo.
Iingxelo:
Iphethwe, uL. (2010). Uhulumeni waseHollingworth. Iimvo Zomfazi Zeengqondo. Kufunyanwa kwi http://www.feministvoices.com/leta-hollingworth/
Hochman, SK (nd). U-Stetter Hollingworth: Ubomi bakhe. Igalelo leNgqiqo yabasetyhini kwiSifundo seNgqondo kunye noMbutho. Ifunyenwe kwi http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/letahollingsworth.html
Hollingworth, HL (1943). U-Stetter Hollingworth. ULincoln, NE: IYunivesithi yaseNebraska Press.