Phonononga enye yeenkolelo ezingenakuphikisana nazo kodwa ezihlala zihlala njalo
I-Oedipal complex, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Oedipus complex, ligama elisetyenziswe nguSigmund Freud kwiingcamango zakhe zesigxina socwangciso lophuhliso ukuchaza iimvakalelo zomntwana ngomzali wakhe wesini esahlukileyo kunye nomona nomsindo wakhe - umzali. Eyona nto, inkwenkwe ivakalelwa kukuba ikhuphisana noyise ukuba ihlale nonina, ngelixa intombazana ivakalelwa kukuba ikhuphisana nonina ngenxa yokuthandwa nguyise.
NgokukaFreud, abantwana bajonga umzali wabo wesini ngokwabelana ngesondo kubazali bezesondo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuthandana.
Isiqalo se-Oedipal Complex
UFrud uqale ucebisa umxholo we-Oedipal ubunzima kwincwadi yakhe ye-1899 Ukuchazwa kweeNdlo , nangona akazange aqale ngokusebenzisa i-Oedipus inkqutyana kuze kube ngumnyaka we-1910. Lo mqondo waba luleke ngakumbi njengoko waqhubeka nokuhlakulela ingcamango yakhe yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo.
Kuphi igama elifanelekileyo elifumana igama layo? UFrud ubizwa ngokuba nguyinkimbinkimbi emva komdlali kwi-Sophocles ' Oedipus Rex obulala ngengozi uyise waza watshata nonina. Kwimbali yamaGrike, i-Oedipus ishiywa ngokuzalwa kwaye ngaloo ndlela ayiyazi ukuba ngubani abazali bayo. Kuphela emva kokubulala uyise kunye nokutshata nonina ukuba ufunda ubungqina babo bokwenyaniso.
Umsebenzi we-Oedipus Complex usebenza njani?
Kwiingcamango ze- psychoanalytic , ubunzima be-Oedipus bubhekisela kwisifiso somntwana sokubandakanyeka ngokwesini nomzali wesini esahlukileyo, ngokukodwa inkwenkwe yomntwana.
Lo mnqweno ungagcinwa ngokwazi ngokunyanzeliswa, kodwa uFrud ukholelwa ukuba kusenokuba nefuthe ekuphatheni komntwana kwaye wadlala indima ekuphuhliseni.
UFrud uphakamisa ukuba ubunzima be-Oedipus badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisigaba sephallic sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Kwakhona wayekholelwa ukuba ukuphumelela kweli nqanaba kubandakanyeka ukuchazela umzali wesini esinye nesinye esiza kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-identity sexual identity.
NgokukaFrud, inkwenkwe inqwenela ukuthatha unina kwaye ithathe indawo kayise, lowo umntwana ubona njengoluphikisa uthando lwakhe lomama.
Inkqubo ye-Oedipal ivela kwinqanaba le-phallic lophuhliso lwengqondo yoxhatshazo phakathi kweminyaka emithathu nantlanu. Isigaba se-phallic sisebenza njengengongoma ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ubuni zesondo. Ngeli nqanaba lophuhliso, uFrud wacebisa ukuba umntwana akhusele isondo ngesini kunye nomzali wakhe wesini kunye nobutsha kumzali wesini esifanayo.
Iimpawu ze-Oedipus Complex
Ngoko ziphi ezinye zeempawu ze-oedipal complex? UFrud uphakamise ukuba kukho iinkalo zokuziphatha ezingabandakanyeka kubantwana ukuba ziyiphumo solu bunzima. Ezinye iimpawu zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi zingabandakanya inkwenkwe ebonisa ubutyebi benina kwaye ixelele uyise ukuba angamanga okanye amanga umama wakhe. Amantombazana amancinane kulo nyaka angabaxelela ukuba baceba ukutshata nooyise xa bekhula.
ICompra Complex
Isiteji esifanayo samantombazana siyaziwa njenge- Electra inkathazo apho intombazana inqwenela ukwenzela ooyise kunye nomona ngoomama. Ixesha le-Electra lenkxuleko lwenziwa nguCarl Jung ukuchaza indlela le nkxwaleko ibonakalisa ngayo amantombazana.
Noko ke, uFrud wayekholelwa ukuba igama elithi Oedipus complex libhekiselelwe kubafana kunye namantombazana, nangona wayekholelwa ukuba amava ngesini ngokwahlukileyo.
UFrud uphakamisa ukuba xa intombazana ifumanisa ukuba ayinayo ipenisi, ihlakulela umona kunye nentukuthelo kunina "ngokuyithumela ehlabathini ukuze ixhotyiswe." Ekugqibeleni, le ngxabano inika indlela yokuchonga kunye nonina kunye nenkqubo yokufaka iimpawu kunye neempawu zomzali wakhe wesini esifanayo.
Yayiyimbono kaFreud yobunqunu besifazana mhlawumbi eyayigxeka kakhulu. UChristanalyst uKaren Horney wagxeka umqondo kaFrud wokuba nomona ngomona kwaye endaweni yoko wakhuthaza ukuba amadoda abe nesibindi ngomona ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzala abantwana.
UFrud ngokwakhe wavuma ukuba ukuqonda kwakhe ngabasetyhini mhlawumbi kwakungekho ngaphantsi kokugqiba ngokupheleleyo. Wachaza ngaphantsi ngobomi bezesondo zabantombazana amancinci kunokuba amakhwenkwe, "wachaza. "Kodwa akufuneki sibe neentloni ngalolu hluko. Emva koko, ubomi bobulili bentombi abadala ba 'lizwekazi elimnyama' lweengqondo."
I-Oedipus Complex ichongiwe njani?
Kwinqanaba ngalinye kwiingcamango zikaFrud zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, abantwana bajamelana neengxabano zophuhliso ekufuneka zixazululwe ukuze zenzele umntu omdala onempilo. Ukuze uhlakulele ube ngumntu omdala ophumelelayo kunye nobunikazi obunempilo, umntwana makabonwe nomzali wesini-wesini esifanayo ukuze asombulule ingxabano yesigaba se-phallic.
Ngoko umntwana uhamba njani ekuxazululeni ubunzima be-Oedipus? UFrusud wacebisa ukuba ngelixa i- id eyimfuneko ifuna ukuqeda uyise, u- Ego owaziyo ngakumbi uyazi ukuba uyise unamandla ngakumbi. I-id, njengoko uyayikhumbula, ngumthombo oyimfuneko wamandla ofuna ukukhawuleza ngokukwanelisa zonke izibongozo ezingenalwazi. I-ego yinxalenye yobuntu obonakalayo ukudibanisa phakathi kokubongoza kwe-ID kunye neemfuno zeqiniso.
NgokukaFrud, le nkwenkwe iva ngoko into ekuthiwa yi-castration ixhala - ukwesaba kokubili ukuguqulwa kwamagama kunye nokufanekisa. UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba njengoko umntwana ebona ukubahluko phakathi kwebesilisa kunye nabasetyhini, ucinga ukuba i-penis yebhinqa isusiwe kwaye uyise uya kumgxotha njengesijeziso sokuthanda unina.
Ukuze kulungiswe ukulwa, inqubo yokukhusela eyaziwa ngokuba yinto yokukhawuleka . Kule ngongoma i- super-ego yenziwa. I-super-ego iba uhlobo lwegunya lokuziphatha kwangaphakathi, ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwesimo somntwana esilwela ukuphelisa ukukhutshiswa kwe-id kunye nokwenza i-ego isebenze kule migangatho.
Kwi -Ego kunye ne-Id , uFrud uchaze ukuba i-superego yomntwana igcina umlingana kayise womntwana kwaye ukuba iimvakalelo ezinamandla ze-Oedipus zinyanzeliswa. Iimpembelelo zangaphandle kuquka iinkqubo zentlalo, iimfundiso zonqulo kunye nezinye iimpembelelo zenkcubeko zinceda ekuncediseni ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Oedipal complex.
Kungaphandle kwalokhu ukuba isazela somntwana siphuma, okanye ukuqonda kwakhe okulungileyo nokungalunganga. Kwezinye iimeko, ke, uFrud uphakamise ukuba le mivakalelo echukumisayo ingabangela ukuba unembelelo ongenamqondo. Nangona le nyala ingenakuvakalelwa kakhulu, ingaba nefuthe phezu kwezenzo zomntu ngamnye.
Kuthiwani ukuba i-Oedipus Complex ayisombululi?
Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni xa ubunzima be-Oedipus bengasombululi ngempumelelo? Njengoko xa iingxabano kwezinye izigaba zesini sengqondo zingasombululwanga, ukulungiswa kweso siphumo ekuphuhlisweni kunokubangela. UFrud uncetyiswa ukuba abafana abangajongani nale mpikiswano ngokufanelekileyo babe "ukulungiswa ngumama" ngoxa amantombazana abe "ulungiswe nguyise." Njengabantu abadala, aba bantu baya kufuna abaqabane abathandana nabo abafana nomzali wabo wesini esahlukileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Freud, S. Ukuchithwa kwe-Oedipus complex. Udidi lweMigangatho. 1924; 19: 172-179.
> Freud, S. Umbuzo woLwahlulo lokuHlola, i-Standard Edition. 1926; 20: 183-250.
> Freud, S. I-Outline ye-Psychoanalysis, uJames Strachey Trans. ENew York: Norton; 1940.
> Mitchen, SA & Black, M. Freud kunye ne-Beyond: A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thinking. ENew York: iiNcwadi eziSiseko; 2016.
> Hockenbury, DH & Hockenbury, SE. Psychology. I-New York: AbaPashi Abafanelekileyo; 2012.