Iifutshane zeeNgqondo ezingenanto kwiCandelo loCwangciso loLwazi nokuThetha
Inkolelo yokuqonda ingxaki echanekileyo ekucingeni echaphazela izigqibo kunye nezigwebo abantu abazenzayo. Ezinye zezinto ezixhatshazo zihambelana nememori. Indlela okhumbula ngayo isiganeko inokubakhokelela ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi kwaye ekuhambeni kwayo kunokukhokelela ekucingeni nasekucingeni. Ezinye iingcamango ezinengqiqo zinganxulumana neengxaki ezinokuqwalaselwa.
Ekubeni ingqwalasela yinkxaso engqongqo, abantu kufuneka bakhethe malunga nezinto abaziqwalaselayo kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyaniseka okungazifihlayo kunokungena kunye nokuchaphazela indlela oye uyibonayo kwaye ucinge ngehlabathi.
Iingcamango Zengqondo Zisebenza Njani?
Inkolelo yokuqonda ingumzekelo wephutha ekucingeni oko kwenzeka xa abantu beqhuba nokutolika ulwazi kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ubomi bomntu bunamandla kodwa buphantsi kwemida. Iingcamango zengqondo zivame ukuba ngumphumo wentsingiselo yengqondo yakho yokwenza lula ukusetyenziswa kwengcaciso. Ziyimithetho yesithupha ekunceda wenze ingqiqo yehlabathi kwaye ufikelela kwizigqibo ngokukhawuleza.
Xa wenza izigwebo kunye nezigqibo malunga nehlabathi elikujikelezayo, uthanda ukucinga ukuba unenjongo, ingqiqo, kwaye unako ukungena kwaye uphonononge yonke inkcazelo ekhoyo kuwe. Ngelishwa, ezi zizathu zihamba ngokuya kuthi, zikhokelela kwizigqibo eziphosakeleyo kunye nezigwebo ezimbi.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Izibilini Zengqondo?
Ukuba kwakufuneka ucinge malunga nento enokwenzeka xa wenza isigqibo, mhlawumbi kuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza ukhetho olulula. I-Becuase yinkimbinkimbi enkulu yehlabathi elikujikelezile kunye nemali yolwazi kwimeko yendalo, kubalulekile ngezinye ixesha ukuxhomekeka kwezinye iifutshane zengqondo ezikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza.
Iingcamango zengqondo zingabangelwa yizinto eziliqela, kodwa ezi zihlomelo zengqondo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- heuristics , ezidla ngokudlala indima enkulu. Ngelixa banokuthi bahlale bechanekile ngokuchanekileyo, bangakhokelela kwiiphene ekucingeni. Uxinzelelo lwentlalo, izizathu ezizimeleyo, iimvakalelo kunye nemida ekukhuselweni kwengqondo ekuqhubekeni kolwazi lunokubangela negalelo.
Ezi zizathu azikho konke ezimbi, nangona kunjalo. Iingcali zengqondo zikholelwa ukuba ezininzi zezi zinto zithintela injongo-zivumela ukuba sifumane izigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubalulekile ukuba sibhekene nesimo esingozi okanye esongelayo. Ukuba uhamba ngaphaya kommandla omnyama uze ubone isithunzi esimnyama esibonakala kukulandela, ukunyaniseka kwengqondo kunokukhokelela ukuba ucinge ukuba yi-mugger kwaye kufuneka uhambe ngokukhawuleza. Umthunzi omnyama ungabangelwa yiflegi ekhwela emoyeni, kodwa ukuxhomekeka kwiifutshane zengqondo kunokukunceda ukuba uphume kwiimeko apho izigqibo kufuneka zenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlobo ezimbalwa zeengcamango zeCognitive
Funda kabanzi malunga neendlela ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zeengcamango ezinokwazi ukuphazamisa ukucinga kwakho .
- I-Bias yoViqinisekiso : Oku kukukhuthaza ulwazi oluhambelana neenkolelo zakho ezikhoyo kunye nokuhlawulela ubungqina obungahambelaniyo.
- Ukufumaneka I-Heuristic : Oku kufaka ixabiso elikhulu kwiinkcukacha eziza kwingqondo yakho ngokukhawuleza. Unika ingqalelo ngakumbi kule nkcazelo kwaye uthabathe ukugqithisekisa amathuba okuba nezinto ezifanayo zenzeka kwixesha elizayo.
- I-Halo Impact : Uhlolo lwakho jikelele lomntu luchaphazela indlela ovakalelwa ngayo kwaye ucinge ngomlingani wakhe. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kumkhwenkwe wenyama ochaphazela ukuba uyayilinganisa njani ezinye iimpawu.
- I-Bias Self-Serving : Yilo tyekelo lokubeka uxanduva lwangaphandle xa izinto ezimbi zenzeka kwaye uzinikezele ngetyala xa izinto ezilungileyo zenzeka. Xa uphumelela isandla sobomi kuba ngenxa yobuchule bakho ekufundeni abanye abadlali kunye nokwazi iziganeko, ngelixa ulahlekelwa yiyo ngenxa yokujongana nesandla esilungileyo.
- I-Bias Attention : Yilo ukutyekela ukuqwalasela ezinye izinto ngelixa zixakeka abanye. Xa usenza isigqibo malunga nokuthengwa kwemoto, unako ukubeka ingqwalasela kwindlela ekubukeka ngayo nangaphandle nangaphakathi, kodwa ungayihoxisi irekhodi yokhuseleko kunye ne-gas mileage.
- I-Actor-Observer Bias : Oku kukhangela ukubonakalisa izenzo zakho zangaphandle kubangele xa ubonisa abanye abantu ukuba baziphathe nezizathu zangaphakathi. Unomlinganiselo wakho wezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol ukuya kwii-genetics ngelixa ucinga abanye ukuba banezinga eliphezulu ngenxa yokutya okubi kunye nokungabikho kokuzivocavoca.
- Ubungqina boBuchule obuMsebenzi : Lo mkhuba wokubona izinto nje ngokusebenza ngendlela ethile. Ukuba awunayo inyundo, awuyi kuqwalasela ukuba i-wrench enkulu ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ikhonkwane kwindonga. Unokucinga ukuba awudingi iimbotyi ngenxa yokuba ungenayo i-coorkboard ekufuneka ungene kuyo izinto, kodwa ungaqwalasela ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Oku kunokwandisa kwimisebenzi yabantu, njengokungaqondi umntu oncedisayo unamakhono okuba yinxaxheba yobunkokeli.
- I-Anchoring Bias : Lo mkhuba wokuthembela kakhulu kwiqonga lokuqala lolwazi olufunda. Ukuba ufunda ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lemoto lixabiso elithile, uya kucinga nawaphi na umlinganiselo ongezantsi apha, mhlawumbi ungafuneki amacebo angcono. Ungasebenzisa le nkcazo ukusetha ulindelo lwabanye ngokubeka ulwazi lokuqala kwitafile ukuqwalasela.
- Impembelelo engalunganga : Olu luhlobo lokuthathwa kolwazi lweposi emva kwezehlakalo ukuphazamisa imemori yesiganeko sokuqala. Kulula ukuba imemori yakho ithonyelwe yiloo nto uva ngayo ngomcimbi ukusuka kwabanye. Ulwazi lo mphumela lukhokelela ekungathembeki kolwazi lokuzibonela.
- Impembelelo yoBungqina bobuxoki : Oku kukhwela ukujonga ngokucacileyo ukuba abanye abantu bavumelana nani.
- Ubungqiqo obonakalayo : Le nto ibangela ukuba ukholelwe ukuba ungeke ufumane ubunzima obukhulu kunye nokufumana ithuba lokuphumelela kunontanga yakho.
Iingcamango zeCognitive vs. Logical Fallacy
Ngamanye amaxesha abantu badibanisa iingcamango ezinengqondo kunye neengqiqo ezintle, kodwa ezo zombini azifani. Ingqiqo enengqiqo ibangelwa yimpazamo kwimpikiswano enengqiqo, ngelixa i-bias ingqiqo ixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yokucatshulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo evela kwiingxaki ngememori , ingqwalasela, kunye nezinye iimpazamo ezingqondweni.