Sichaza amaqiniso ukuqinisekisa zethu iinkolelo
Ziyaphi na iinkolelo zakho nezimvo zakho? Ukuba unjengabantu abaninzi, mhlawumbi uthanda ukucinga ukuba iinkolelo zakho zibangelwa yiminyaka yamava kunye nohlalutyo lwenjongo yolwazi olukhoyo. Inyani kukuba sonke sinobuchule obunzima obubizwa ngokuba yingqiqo yokuqinisekisa.
Nangona sifuna ukucinga ukuba iinkolelo zethu zinengcamango, zinengqiqo, kwaye zinenjongo, inyaniso kukuba iimbono zethu zihlala zixhomekeke ekunyeleni ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ezixhasa iingcamango zethu.
Ngexesha elifanayo, sinokungazihoxisi ulwazi olujongene neengxaki zethu ezikhoyo.
Ukuqonda i-Bias yokuqinisekisa
Ubungqina benkcazo luhlobo lwenkcazo engqiqo ebandakanya ukufumana ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkonzo ezikhoyo zangaphambili.
Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ukuba umntu unenkolelo yokuba abantu abashiyekileyo banokubumba ngaphezu kwabantu abanamalungelo. Nanini na xa lo mntu edibana nomntu osisigxina kunye nokudala, abaluleke kakhulu kulo "ubungqina" obuxhasa oko bakukholelwayo kakade. Lo mntu unokufuna u "ubungqina" obuya kuxhasa le nkolelo ngelixa uhlawulela imizekelo engayixhasi le ngcamango.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokungqinisiseki kuthintela indlela abantu abaqokelela ngayo ulwazi, kodwa bachaphazela nendlela esichaza ngayo nokukhumbula ulwazi. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaxhasa okanye abachasayo umcimbi othize abayi kufuna kuphela ulwazi ukuxhasa, baya kuguqulela amabali endlela ngendlela exhasa imibono yabo ekhoyo.
Baya kuphinda bakhumbule izinto ngendlela ezomeleza ezi mpawu .
Isiqinisekiso sokuSebenza kwiNkqubo
Cinga ngempikiswano malunga nokulawulwa kwezibhamu. U-Sally, umzekelo, usekela ukulawulwa kwezibhamu. Ufuna iindaba zamabakala kunye neengcamango zengcamango eziqinisekisileyo iimfuno zokunciphisa ubunikazi bompu. Xa evalelwa ngamabali malunga nokudubula kumaphephandaba, uyazichazela ngendlela exhasa iinkolelo zakhe ezikhoyo.
UHenry, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uchasene ngokucacileyo nokulawula umpu. Ufuna imithombo yolwazi ehambelana nesimo sakhe. Xa efika kwiindaba ezimalunga nokudubula, uyazichazela ngendlela exhasa imbono yakhe yangoku.
Aba bantu babini banemibono eyahlukileyo kwimixholo efanayo kunye nokutolika kwabo kusekelwe kuloo nto. Nangona bafunda ibali elifanayo, ukuxhamla kwabo kubangelwa ukuba bajonge indlela abayayiqonda ngayo kuba iqinisekisa zabo iinkolelo.
Impembelelo yeeNkcazo zokuQinisekisa
Ngama-1960, isazi sengqondo sokuqonda kwengqondo uPeter Cathcart Wason senze inzame eyaziwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi wokufumanisa uWason. Wabonisa ukuba abantu banomdla wokufuna ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo. Ngelishwa, olu hlobo lwenkcazo lunokusikhusela ekujongeni imeko ngokuchanekileyo. Iyakuchukumisa izigqibo esizenzayo kwaye zikhokelela ekukhethweni okuphosakeleyo okanye okuphosakeleyo.
Ngexesha lexesha lokhetho, umzekelo, abantu bavame ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo oludweba abaviwa abathandayo ngokukhanya okulungileyo. Baya kukhangela ulwazi olukhupha umviwa ochasayo ekukhanyeni okubi.
Ngokungafuneki iinjongo ezichanileyo, ukuchazela ulwazi ngendlela exhasa kuphela iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo, kwaye zikhumbule kuphela iinkcukacha ezixhasa ezo nkolelo, bahlala bephosakele ulwazi olubalulekileyo.
Ezi nkcukacha kunye neenyaniso zingaphinde zathintela isigqibo saso sokuba umviwa angayixhasa.
Ukuqwalaselwa kwabasebenzi beengqondo
Kwincwadi yakhe, "Uphando kwi-Psychology: Izindlela kunye noyilo," uC. James Goodwin unikela umzekelo omhle wokuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka njengoko kusebenza kwimibono engaphezulu.
"Abantu abakholwayo kwiingcamango ezingaphezulu (ESP) baya kugcina imilinganiselo esondeleyo xa 'becinga ngoMama, kwaye ke ifowuni yavuma kwaye yayinguye!' Sekunjalo bazinyamekelwa ngamaxesha amaninzi kakhulu xa (a) bacinga ngoMama kwaye akabizanga kwaye (b) abazange bacinge ngoMama kwaye bebizile. Bahluleka ukuqonda ukuba xa bethetha noMama malunga neveki ezimbini, ubukhulu babo "bokucinga ngoMama" buya kukhula ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kweeveki ezimbini zeeveki, ngokunyusa ukwanda kwexesha elithi 'hit'.
Njengoko uCatherine A. Sanderson ukhankanya kwincwadi yakhe ethi, "I-Psychology Social," ukunyaniseka kwenkxaso kunceda kwaye kufaka kwakhona ubungqina bezinto esizifumanayo ngabantu.
"Siyakunyanzelisa ulwazi oluphikisanayo nezinto esizilindeleyo. Siyakwazi ukukhumbula (nokuphinda) ulwazi oluhambelanayo nolwazi olulinganiselweyo kunye nokulibala okanye ukungawuthobeli ulwazi olungahambisani nolunye uhlobo, oluye lugcinwa ngolu hlobo lweendlela ezifanayo. Ukuba ufunda ukuba umngane wakho omtsha waseKhanada uyamzonda iHockey, uthanda umkhumbi kwaye umhlobo wakho omtsha wase Mexican uyamzonda ukutya okunesonka kwaye uthanda umculo we-rap, awunakukwazi ukukhumbula le nkcazelo entsha engahambelaniyo. "
Ubungqina bokuba uqinisekiso lufunyenwe kuphela kwiintembelelo zethu, lunokuchaphazela ukuzama ukusebenza kwethu. Kule ncwadi, "Psychology," uPeter O. Gray unikela lo mzekelo wendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo ugqirha.
"I-Groopman (2007) ibonisa ukuba ukuxhaswa kwezinto eziqinisekisiweyo kunokubambisana ne- bias ukubonakala ekuveliseni i-misdiagnosis kwiofisi yegqirha. Ugqirha oye waphumela kwisimo esithile kwisifo esithile isigulane esinokuthi sibuze imibuzo kwaye sifune ubungqina bokuba iyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuxilongwa ngelixa ukhangele ubungqina obunokuthi uqiniseke ukuba uqeqesho lwezokwelapha lufanele lubandakanye ikhosi ekucingeni okubangela ukuba oogqirha abatsha baqonde ukuphazamiseka okunjalo. Ukuqonda, izinto, kuya kubakho kwiiposiso zokuxilonga ezimbalwa. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo luya kuhlola i-hypothesis yakhe yokuqala ngokufuna ubungqina malunga noluvo. "
ILizwi
Ngelishwa, sonke sinesizathu sokuqinisekisa. Nangona ukholelwa ukuba uvulekile kakhulu kwaye ugcine ubungqina ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwizigqibo, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ezinye izinto ziza kubonakalisa umbono wakho ekugqibeleni. Kunzima ukulwa nalolu hlobo lendalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siyazi malunga nokunyaniseka kwenkxaso kunye nokwamkela ukuba kukho, sinokuzama ukuyiqonda. Oko kunokusinceda sibone izinto ngenye indlela, nangona asiyikho isiqinisekiso.
> Imithombo:
> Grey PO. Psychology. 6th. I-New York: AbaPashi Abafanelekileyo; 2011.
> Goodwin CJ, Goodwin KA. Uphando kwi-Psychology: Izindlela kunye noyilo. Wesi-7. INew Jersey: UJohn Wiley kunye noNyana; 2013.
> IPolletiek FH. I-Hypothesis-Uvavanyo lokuziphatha. I-Psychology Press; 2013.
> Sanderson CA. Psychology Social . 1st ed. INew Jersey: UJohn Wiley kunye noNyana; 2010.