Impembelelo ye-halo yintlobo yeengcamango zengqiqo apho umxholo wethu wonke umntu uchaphazela indlela esivakalelwa ngayo nokucinga ngomlingani wakhe. Okubalulekileyo, ingqiqo yakho yomntu ("Ulungile!") Ifuthe iimvavanyo zakho zeempawu ezithile zomntu ("Ubuye uhlakaniphile!").
Omnye umzekelo omhle wempembelelo ye-halo esenzweni yimbono yethu jikelele. Ekubeni sibona njengento ekhangayo, ephumelelayo, kwaye ethanda ukuthanda, sinokubakhokelela njengabahlakaniphileyo, abanomusa, nabahlekisayo.
Iinkcazo zeHalo Effect
- "Eyaziwa nangokuthi yinto ekhangayo yokuziphatha kunye ne " yinto enhle imnandi " , umphumo we-halo, kwinqanaba elithile, libhekiselele kumkhwa wokuziphatha wabantu ukulinganisa abantu abanomdla ngakumbi ngenxa yobuntu babo okanye iimpawu zabo abangabonakali kakhulu. Impembelelo yeHalo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngokubanzi ukuchaza impembelelo yehlabathi yomntu ofanelekileyo, okanye uphawu oluthile olunqwenelekayo, ekudaleni imimiselo ekhethekileyo yomntu othile ekujoliswe kuyo. ubala abanye. "
- (Emile, i-LG, kwi -SAGE Encyclopedia yeNzululwazi zoNzululwazi ngezeNtlalo, uMqulu 1 , 2004)
- "Kwisifundo esenziwe ngowe-1915 wabasebenzi beemveliso ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zoshishino, kubonakala ukuba uqikelelo lomntu ofanayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobunkokheli, ishishini, ubugcisa, ukuthembeka, i-ect, njl. idibeneyo kwaye idityaniswe kakhulu ... Ukulinganisa kubonakala kwathinteka ngumkhwa ophawulekayo wokucinga ngomntu ngokubanzi ngokufanelekileyo okanye kunokuba ungaphantsi kwaye umbala umgwebo weempawu ngoluvo oluqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nehalo yomntu wonke kubonakala kwiingqinisiso zamagosa ezenziwe ngabaphathi babo emkhosini. "
- (Thorndike, EL, "Iphutha eNgqamaniso kwiZingqinisiso zengqondo," 1920)
Imbali yeHalo Effect
Isazi sengqondo sengqondo u- Edward Thorndike kuqala saqulunqa eli gama kwiphepha le-1920 elinegama elithi "I-Error Constant in Psychological Ratings." Kulo vavanyo oluchazwe kwiphepha, uTyrndike wabuza amagosa amagosa emkhosini ukuba ahlole iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo kumajoni abo aphantsi. Ezi ziquka ziquka izinto ezinjengobunkokeli, ukubonakala komzimba, ukuqonda, ukunyaniseka nokuthembeka.
Injongo yeTrirndike yayikukunquma indlela ukulinganisa komgangatho omnye kuphephelwa ngayo kwiimvavanyo zezinye iimpawu. Wafumanisa ukuba ukulinganisa okuphezulu komgangatho othile ohambelana nokulinganiswa okuphezulu kweminye impawu, ngelixa ukulinganiswa okungekho komgangatho othile kwakhokelela ekuhlaleni kweminye impawu.
"Iintsebenziswano zaziphezulu kakhulu kwaye," u-Thorndike wabhala. "Ngokomzekelo, kuba abathathu abaqeshwe ngokuzayo bafunda ukulungelelaniswa kwemilinganiselo yezobugcisa kunye neengcaphephe .31; ngenxa yomzimba kunye nobunkokeli, .39; kunye nomzimba kunye nomlingiswa, .28."
Ngoko kutheni ukubonakaliswa kwethu komntu kubumba le halo echaphazela ukuvavanya kwethu iimpawu ezithile? Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukhenkco yinto enye enokudlala indima.
Izifundo eziliqela ezahlukeneyo ziye zafumanisa ukuba xa silinganisa abantu njengento ekhangelekayo, nathi sinokukholelwa ukuba baneendlela ezintle zokuziphatha kunye nokuba zihlakaniphile. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba ii-jurors zazingekho ncinane ukuba bakholelwa ukuba abantu abanomdla banetyala lokuziphatha.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mdlalo ukhangeleka unokuba yinkemba ehlangene kabini. Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ngelixa abantu banakho ukunika impawu ebonakalayo kubantu abanomdla, banakho ukukholelwa ukuba abantu ababukeka bebubuxoki, bangathembekanga, kwaye banokusebenzisa ukukhanga kwabo ukuphatha abanye.
Imiba
- "Eklasini, ootitshala baxhomekeke kwisiphumo sokulinganisa i-halo xa bevavanya abafundi babo. Ngokomzekelo, utitshala obona umfundi oziphatha kakuhle unokucinga ukuba lo mfundi uqaqambile, unomdla, kwaye uthathe inxaxheba ngaphambi kokuba lo titshala abe nenjongo ukuvavanya amandla omfundi kule mimandla. Xa ezi ziphumo zeHalo zivela, zinokuchaphazela ukuhlolwa kwemvume kwabafundi kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza kwaye zinokuchaphazela namabanga abafundi. "
- (IRasmussen, i- Encyclopedia ye-Psychology, uMqulu 1 , 2008)
- "Ekusetyenzisweni komsebenzi, umphumo we-halo unakho ukubonakaliswa kwi-appraisal of assessment of the work of a subordinate job performance." Enyanisweni, umphumo we-halo mhlawumbi iyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-appraisal. Umphathi wesigqeba angabonakalisa ukuba ngumntu omnye umqeshwa, njengomdla, kwaye avumele ukuba uhlolo lonke lube ngumbala ngendlela agweba ngayo umqeshwa kuloo nto. ulwazi olufunekayo okanye ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi ngempumelelo, ukuba umsebenzi womsebenzi ubonisa intshiseko, umphathi-mali angamnika ngokuthe ngqo ukulinganisa ukusebenza komsebenzi kunokuba kulungele ulwazi okanye ikhono. "
- (Schneider, FW, Gruman, JA, & Coutts, LM, Applied Social Psychology , 2012)
I-Halo Impact esebenza kwiLizwe leNene
Njengoko ufunda ngasentla, umphumo we-halo unokuchaphazela indlela ootitshala abaphatha ngayo abafundi, kodwa kunokuchaphazela nendlela abafundi abajonga ngayo ootitshala. Kwisifundo esithile, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba xa umfundisi ebonwa njengolufudumele kwaye enobubele, abafundi banomlinganisela ngakumbi, bethandeka kwaye bayathandwa.
Abathengisi basebenzisa inzuzo ye-halo ukuthengisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo. Xa isikhulumi sodumo sivuma into ethile, ukuvavanya kwethu okunjalo kungasasazeka kwimibono yethu yemveliso ngokwayo.
Abafake izicelo zeJob banokuthi banokuvakalelwa ngempembelelo ye-halo. Ukuba umqeshi ujonga ukuba umfaki sicelo unomtsalane okanye uyathandwa, banokuthi banokulinganisa umntu njengomntu onobuqili, owaziyo kwaye oqeqeshiwe.
Ngoko, ngexesha elizayo xa uzama ukuphonononga omnye umntu, nokuba ngaba isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi umviwa wezopolitiko ukuvota okanye ukuba yiyiphi ibhayisikobho eyokubona ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku, qwalasela indlela ukubonakala kwakho komntu ngamnye kunokuchaphazela njani ukuvavanya kwakho ezinye iimpawu.
Ingaba uvakalelwa ukuba umviwa ube nesithethi sikarhulumente esilungileyo kukukhokelela ukuba uzive uhlakaniphile, unomusa, kwaye usebenza nzima? Ngaba ukucinga ukuba umdlali othile ukhangeleka kukukhokelela ukuba ucinge ukuba ungumdlali onamandla?
Ukuqonda isiphumo se-halo, nangona kunjalo, akwenzi kube lula ukuphepha kwimpembelelo yayo kwimibono kunye nezigqibo zethu.
> Imithombo:
> Rasmussen, K. Halo Effect. Ku-NJ Salkind & K. Rasmussen (uEd.), I- Encyclopedia ye-Psychology, uMqulu 1 . Amawaka e-Oaks, CA: i-Sage Publications, Inc; 2008.
> Schneider, FW, Gruman, JA, & Coutts, LM I- Applied Social Psychology: Ukuqonda nokujongana neengxaki zeNtlalo neZenzo. I-London: I-SAGE Publications, Inc .; 2012.
> Emile, iH LG Effect. Ku-MS Lewis-Black, A. Bryman, & TF Liao (Ed.), I-SAGE Encyclopedia yeeNzululwazi zezeNzululwazi zezeNtlalo, uMqulu 1 . Amawaka ama-Oaks, CA: I-SAGE Publications, Inc .; 2004.
> I-Thorndike, EL I-Error Constant kwi-Psychological Ratings. Umbhalo we-Applied Psychology. 1920; 4, 25-29.