I- actor-observer bias ibinzana lentetho yengqondo yezenhlalakahle ebhekisela ekuthambekeni kokubonisa ukuba izenzo zakho zibangelwa zangaphandle xa zibonisa ezinye izinto eziziphetheyo kwizizathu zangaphakathi. Luhlobo lwesibalo sokubaluleka esenza indima ekuboneni nasekusebenzisaneni nabanye abantu. Okubalulekileyo, abantu bathambekela ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka nokuba ngaba ngumdlali okanye umlindi kwimeko.
I-Actor-Observer Bias
I-actor-observer bias ivame ukubizwa ngakumbi kwiimeko apho iziphumo zibi. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko apho umntu afumana into engalunganga, umntu uya kubeka isohlwayo kwimeko okanye imeko. Xa into engeyona into eyenzekayo komnye umntu, abantu baya kubeka kakubi umntu ngokukhetha kwakhe, ukuziphatha kunye nezenzo zakhe.
Ngokomzekelo, xa ugqirha exelela umntu ukuba amazinga e-cholesterol awo aphakanyisiwe, isiguli singasichaza izinto ezingaphandle kolawulo lwazo ezifana nemfuza okanye imvelo. Kodwa kuthekani xa omnye umntu efumanisa ukuba amazinga e-cholesterol aphezulu kakhulu? Kwiimeko ezinje, abantu bayichaza kwizinto ezifana nokutya okubi kunye nokungabikho kokuzivocavoca. Ngamanye amazwi, xa kwenzeka ntoni kuthi, kungaphandle kolawulo lwethu, kodwa xa kwenzeka omnye umntu, zonke iziphoso zabo.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu bathambekele ekuhlaseleni le nkalo ngokuthe rhoqo kunye nabantu abazi kakuhle, njengabahlobo abasondeleyo kunye namalungu entsapho. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba sinolwazi olungakumbi malunga neemfuno, izizathu kunye neengcamango zala bantu, sinokukwazi ukuphendula ngeemandla zangaphandle ezichaphazela ukuziphatha.
Ukuqonda i-Actor-Observer Bias
Ngoko yintoni ebangela ukuba umdlali we-actor-observer bias? Esinye isizathu esinokuthi kukuba xa abantu bebadlali kwiimeko, abanakuzibona zabo izenzo. Nangona kunjalo, ababukeleyo, ke, banakho ukukwazi ukugcina iimpawu zabanye abantu. Ngenxa yoko, abantu banokuthi baqwalasele imikhosi yokuziphatha xa bethetha izenzo zabo, kodwa gxininisa kwiimpawu zangaphakathi xa uchaza ezinye iimpazamo zabantu.
Umzekelo, cinga ukuba iklasi lakho lilungele ukuthatha uvavanyo olukhulu. Ukwahluleka ukugcina iimpawu zakho zokufunda (okanye ukungabi naso) ezikhokelela ekuhlaleni kodwa kugxininisa kwiimeko ezichasene nezimo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwakho kuvavanyo. Igumbi litshise kwaye liqhubekile, ipensela yakho iqhubekile, kunye nomfundi osondeleyo kuwe waqhubeka esenza izikhalazo eziphazamisayo kuyo yonke uvavanyo. Xa ufumana iziphumo zakho kwakhona kwaye uqaphele ukuba wenza kakubi, uxela ezo ziphazamiso zangaphandle kwimisebenzi yakho engafanelekanga kunokuvuma imilinganiselo yakho yokufunda embi phambi kovavanyo.
Omnye wabahlobo bakho naye wenza kakubi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ujonga indlela ahlala eqaqa itlasi, akalokothi afunde incwadi yakhe yesifundo, kwaye akaze athathe amanqaku. Ngoku ukuba ungumbonisi, iimbopheleleko ozenzayo kutshintshela ukugxila kwiimpawu zangaphakathi endaweni yezimo ezifanayo zentlalo oziva ukuba negalelo kumanqaku akho okuvavanya.
Yintoni echaphazelayo?
Ngokucacileyo, umxhasi we-actor-observer angabangela ingxaki kwaye ihlala ikhokelela ekungaqondani nakwiingxabano.
"Kwiingxabano, kunokwenzeka ukuba amacala omabini azibonele ukuba aphendule oko omnye akwenzayo." Waqala! "Isikhalazo esiqhelekileyo, esivame ukuvalelwa kumacala omabini, kuba icala ngalinye libonisa ukuziphatha kwayo kwimeko kodwa ukuziphatha komnye kwiimpawu zabo kunye nezinye izinto, "ababhali beBaumeister noBushman bachaza kwincwadi yabo yeNtlalo yePhysics Psychology and Human Nature . "Kubonakala kuyimvelo ukunyanga ukuba bayalwa ngenxa yokuba bathetha, ngelixa silwa ngenxa yokuba bahlasele.
Okanye, ngamazwi alula wepro hockey udlala uBarry Beck kwi-brawl eyaphuma emdlalweni owodwa, 'Sinomntu oyedwa omele uxanduva, kwaye omnye nomnye!' "
Eyaziwa ngokuba ngu: Uthabatha-uMbonisi wokuBambela, uMncedisi-Umboneleli weMboniso
> Imithombo:
Aron, A., Aron, EN, no-Smollan, D. Ukufakwa komnye kwi-self-scale kunye nesakhiwo sobudlelwane obusondeleyo. Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo. 1992; 63: 596-612.
I-Baumeister, i-RF, no-Bushman, B. i-Psychology yeNtlalo kunye neNdalo yabantu, i-Comprehensive Edition. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2014.
UJones, EE, & Nisbett, RE Umdlali kunye noMbonisi: Iimbono zeDivergent yezizathu zokuziphatha . ENew York: I-Press Learning Press; 1971.