Impembelelo engafanelekanga ibhekisela ekuthambekeni kolwazi lwangemva kweso siganeko ukuphazamisa imemori yesiganeko sokuqala. Abaphandi baye babonisa ukuba ukungeniswa kolwazi olufihlakeleyo olulandelayo kwisiganeko kunokuba nomphumo omkhulu ekukhunjuleni kwabantu. Impembelelo engafanelekanga ingakhokelela ekukhumbuleni okungenakulungileyo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kubangele ukuveliswa kweembulelo ezingamanga.
Impembelelo engafanelekanga ibonisa indlela izinto ezinokuthi zikhunjulwe ngayo kwaye ziphakamisa iingxaki malunga nokuthembeka kweememori, ngokukodwa kwimeko yeembulelo ezizibonela ezisetyenziselwa ukucacisa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Iyintoni Impembelelo Yomthetho?
Umsebenzi we-psychologist u- Elizabeth Loftus kunye noogxa bakhe baye babonisa ukuba imibuzo ebuzwe emva kokuba umntu ebone isiganeko inokuthi ibe nefuthe kwimemori yomntu waloo ganeko. Ngamanye amaxesha xa umbuzo uqulethe ulwazi olukhohlisayo, luyakwazi ukuphazamisa imemori yesiganeko, into eyenziwa ngabafundi bezengqondo bathi 'yiphumo leengxaki.'
ULoftus ngokwakhe uchazile, "Impembelelo engafanelekanga ibhekiselele kumonakalo kwimemori yexesha elidlulileyo elivela emva kokungcola ulwazi olulahlekayo."
Uphando ngeempembelelo ezingalunganga
Kwimvavanyo edumile eyenziwa yiLoftus, abathathi-nxaxheba baboniswa imifanekiso yevidiyo yengozi yendlela.
Emva kokubukela iqhotyoshelweyo, abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa imibuzo eninzi malunga neento ababezibonayo, kakhulu ngendlela efanayo namapolisa, abaphenyi bengozi, kunye namagqwetha bangathi bangazibuza.
Enye yemibuzo ebuzwayo yinto ethi, " Zihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iimoto xa zibetha?" Kwezinye iimeko, kunjalo, utshintsho olufihlakeleyo lwenziwa; abathathi-nxaxheba bade babuzwa ukuba zihamba njani ngokukhawuleza iimoto xa " zitshitshisana ".
Oko abaphandi bafumene kukuba ukusebenzisa nje igama elithi " ukutshabalalisa " esikhundleni sokuthi " hit " kunokutshintsha indlela abathathi-nxaxheba beyikhumbula ngayo ingozi.
Kwiveki kamva, abathathi-nxaxheba baphinde babuzwa uchungechunge lwemibuzo, kubandakanywa " Ngaba ubonile iglasi ephukile? "
Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba luphendule ngokuchanekileyo akukho, kodwa abo babecelwa ukuba " baphoswe " kwenguqu yalo mbuzo kwintetho yokuqala kwintlanzi babenokwenzeka ukuba bakholelwe ngokungathanga ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba babone ingqekembe yeglasi.
Inguqu ezinjalo ezinjalo zingakhokelela njani kwiikhumbuzo ezinjalo zevidiyo? Iingcali zibonisa ukuba lo ngumzekelo wempembelelo engalunganga emsebenzini. Le nkumbulo iyenzeka xa izisa ulwazi olukhohlisayo okanye olungalunganga kwimemori kwaye luze lunegalelo ekubunjweni kwenkumbulo engamanga .
Ukuqonda ukuba Kutheni kwenzeka impembelelo engalunganga
Ngoko kutheni kwenzeka ukuba ingcaciso engalunganga yenzeke? Kukho iingcamango ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo:
- Enye inkcazo kukuba ulwazi lwangaphambili kunye nolwazi olulahlekisayo olwenziwe emva kokuba idibeneyo idibene ndawonye kwimemori.
- Enye inokwenzeka kukuba ulwazi olukhohlisayo luya kubhala imemori yangaphambili yesiganeko.
- Abaphandi baphakamise ukuba ekubeni ulwazi olulahlekayo lwakutshanje kwinkumbulo, luba lula ukulufumana .
- Kwezinye iimeko, idatha echaphazelekayo evela kumcimbi wesigqibo ayinakuze ikhodiwe kwimemori kwindawo yokuqala, ukuze xa ulwazi olukhohlisayo luchazwe, lufakwe kwingxelo yengqondo ukuzalisa le "zikhefu" kwimemori.
Izinto ezithintela impembelelo engalunganga
Uninzi lwezinto ezifaka ingqalelo kwimpembelelo engalunganga kwaye yenza ukuba mhlawumbi ulwazi olubuxoki okanye oludukisa lukhumbuze iinkumbulo zeziganeko:
Ixesha: Ukuba ulwazi olukhohlisayo lwenziwa emva kwexesha lememori yangaphambili, kuya kufumaneka ngakumbi kwimemori. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulwazi olukhohlisayo lulula kakhulu ukulufumana, ngokukhawuleza ukuvimba ukufunyanwa kolwazi lokuqala, ulwazi oluchanekileyo.
Ukuxoxa ngeNgqungquthela kunye namanye amaNgqina: Ukuthetha namanye amangqina emva kwesiganeko kunokuphazamisa imemori yokuqala yento eyenzeka ngokwenene. Iingxelo ezinikezelwa ngamanye amangqina zinokungqubana nememori yangaphambili, kwaye le ngcaciso emitsha inokubuyisela kwakhona okanye ukuphazamisa imemori yentshumayelo yangaphambili yemicimbi njengoko kwenzeka.
Iingxelo zeendaba: Ukufunda amabali eendaba kunye nokubukela iingxelo zethelevishini yengozi okanye isiganeko sinokufaka isandla kwimpembelelo engalunganga. Abantu badla ngokulibala umthombo wenkcazelo yokuqala, oko kuthetha ukuba bangakholelwa ngephutha ukuba inqaku lenkcazelo yinto ababezibona ngayo xa ngokwenene beyinto eve
Ukuphindaphinda ukubonakalisa okungekho nkohliso: Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bafumana ulwazi olukhohlisayo, banokuthi bangakholelwa ngokungekho mthethweni ukuba ingcaciso engafanelekanga yinxalenye yesiganeko sokuqala.
ILizwi
Impembelelo engafanelekanga ingaba nefuthe elibi kwiinkwenkwezi zethu. Ngoko ke singenzenjani ukukhusela ulwazi olungenelela kunye neziganeko ezikhokelela ekubeni zikhumbule okanye zikhumbule iinkolelo? Ukubhala phantsi imemori yakho ebalulekileyo kwisiganeko emva kokuba kwenzeke isicwangciso esisodwa esinokukunceda ukunciphisa imiphumo. Ewe, nokuba le siqhinga singabonisa iimpazamo ezifihlakeleyo kwaye ubhale ezi mpazamo phantsi ziya kubamisa kwimemori yakho.
Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni inokuthi ithinte ukukhumbuza imemori ingaba isicwangciso esihle. Ngelixa unokuba nenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, qonda ukuba nabani na ochaphazelekayo ngempembelelo engalunganga.
> Imithombo:
> Kellogg, RT Iimfuno zokufunda ngengqondo. Amawaka ama-Oaks, CA: I-SAGE Publications; 2012.
> Loftus, EF Ukutyala ingcaciso engqondweni engqondweni yomntu: Uphando lwama-30 lomsebenzi wokungabikho kwememori. UkuFunda kunye neMemori. 2005: 12: 361-366.