Nguwuphi umsebenzi onobungozi - ukuba yigosa lepolisa okanye i-logger? Ngelixa ukuphosa kwamapolisa okuphambili kunokukhokelela ekubeni ucinga ukuba iipolisi zinomsebenzi onobungozi kakhulu, amanani amaninzi abonisa ukuba abathengisi beemvula bangaphinda bafe emsebenzini kunama-cops. Xa kuziwa ekwenzeni lolu hlobo lwesigwebo malunga nomngcipheko okanye ingozi, ubuchopho bethu buxhomekeke kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza .
Oku kubonisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-heuristic, i-shortcut yengqondo ekunceda ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngezinye izihlandlo, ukuvavanya.
Kukho zonke iifutshane zengqondo, kodwa omnye oqhelekileyo uquka ukuthembela kwingcaciso efika engqondweni ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba khona. Ukuba unokukhawuleza ucinge ngemibandela emininzi yento eyenzekayo - njengokupunta kwamapolisa - uya kukholelwa ukuba iyinto eqhelekileyo.
Indlela Ukufumaneka Kwemisebenzi Yomsebenzi
Xa uzama ukwenza isigqibo, imimiselo ehambelana neemeko okanye imeko ikwazi ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwiingcinga zakho. Ngenxa yoko, unokugweba ukuba ezo ziganeko ziqhelekileyo okanye mhlawumbi kunabanye. Unika ingqalelo ngakumbi kule nkcazelo kwaye uthabathe ukugqithisekisa amathuba okuba nezinto ezifanayo zenzeka kwixesha elizayo.
Ngokomzekelo, emva kokubona iingxelo ezininzi malunga nobuqhetseba bemoto, unokwenza isigwebo sokuba ulwaphulo lwemoto luxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba luhlala kwindawo yakho.
Olu hlobo lokufumaneka kwezinto ezinokubaluleka lunokuba luncedo kwaye lubalulekile ekuthathweni kwezigqibo . Xa sibhekene nokukhetha, sisoloko singekho ixesha okanye izixhobo zokuphanda ngokubanzi. Ejongene nesidingo sesigqibo esheshayo, ukufumaneka kobugcisa buvumela abantu ukuba bafike ngokukhawuleza kwisigqibo.
Oku kunokuba luncedo xa uzama ukwenza isigqibo okanye isigwebo malunga nehlabathi elikujikelezile. Umzekelo, ngaba unokuthi kukho amanye amagama kwisiNgesi eqala ngeleta okanye ngeleta k? Unokuzama ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngokucinga ngamagama amaninzi njengoko unako ukuqala ngeleta nganye. Ekubeni unokucinga ngamagama amaninzi aqalayo, ungakholelwa ukuba amanye amagama aqala ngale ncwadi ngaphandle k. Kulo mzekelo, ukufumaneka kobuchule buye kukuvumela ukuba uphendule ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngomnye umzekelo, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu abakwaziyo ukukhumbula ukuba babone ukukhangisa okuxinzelelekayo nabo banakho amathuba okunika ubungqiqo obuphezulu malunga nokuxhaphazeleka.
Ngamanye amaxesha unakho ukukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingalunganga
Njengamanye ama- heuristics , ukufumaneka kwe-heuristic kunokuba luncedo ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki kunye neziphene. Iingxelo zokuthunjwa kwabantwana, izingozi zeenqwelo zeenqwelo, kunye neengxaki zokuqeqesha zihlala zikhokelela abantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuba iziganeko ezinjalo ziqhelekileyo kunokuba zikhona.
Leli gama laqala ukuhlanganiswa ngo-1973 yiNobel-prize winning psychologists uAmos Tversky noDaniel Kahneman. Bacetyisa ukuba ukufumaneka kwe-heuristic kwenzeka ngokungazi kwaye isebenza phantsi komgaqo othi "ukuba ungayicinga, kufuneka kubalulekile." Izinto eziza engqondweni lula kakhulu zikholelwa ukuba ziqheleke ngakumbi kwaye zichaneke ngakumbi kwilizwe lenene.
Njengoko iTversky noKahneman bachaze, enye yemizekelo ecacileyo yokufumaneka kwezinto ezithatha isenzo iyimpembelelo yezibonelo ezifumanekayo. Umzekelo, emva kokubona i-movie malunga nenhlekelele yenyukliya, unokuqiniseka ukuba imfazwe yenyukliya okanye ingozi inokwenzeka kakhulu. Emva kokubona imoto iguqulwa ngapha kwendlela, unokukholelwa ukuba ukufumana kwakho ingozi kuphezulu kakhulu. Kwaye xa uhlala uhlala uxakeke kunye nesiganeko, xa ufumaneke ngakumbi uya kuba engqondweni yakho kwaye kuya kwenzeka ukuba uya kukholelwa ukuba.
Ingxaki kukuba iziganeko ezithile zivame ukubonakala ezingqondweni zethu ngaphezu kwabanye.
Ukugqithiswa kweendaba ezigqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuba oku kwenzeke, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha intsha okanye umdlalo ojikeleze isiganeko kunokubangela ukuba ibe khona kwimemori yakho. Ngenxa yokuba isiganeko singavamile, kuthatha ukubaluleka okukhulu, okukukhokelela ukuba ungacingi ukuba eso siganeko siqheleke ngakumbi kunokuba kunjalo.
Imizekelo yokuFumaneka kweMpahla
- Emva kokubona iingxelo zeendaba malunga nabantu abalahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo, unokuqala ukukholelwa ukuba usemngciphekweni wokutyhulwa. Uqala ukulala ulala embhedeni ngobusuku busuku ucinga ukuba uya kukhishwa.
- Emva kokubona iinkqubo ezininzi zethelevishini ekuhlaseleni i-shark, uqala ukucinga ukuba iziganeko ezinjalo aziqhelekanga. Xa uhamba eholide, unqabela ukugibela elwandle kuba ukholelwa ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-shark kuphezulu.
- Emva kokufunda inqaku malunga nabaphumelele iLotter, uqala ukugqithisela ukuba unako ukuphumelela i-jackpot. Uqala ukuchitha imali engaphezulu kunokuba kufuneka iveki nganye kwiikiti zeLotter.
- Emva kokubona amabali eendaba malunga nokukhutshwa kwezingane eziphezulu, uqala ukukholelwa ukuba iintlekele ezinjalo ziqhelekile. Unqabe ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba adlale ngaphandle kwaye angamvumeli ukuba ahambe.
ILizwi
Iimpawu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela esenza ngayo izigqibo nokwenza ulwazi kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo. Ukufumaneka kwe-heuristic kunokuba luncedo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekuvavanyeni okungafanelekanga. Kungenxa yokuba into eyenziwa enkulu kwinkumbulo yakho ayithethi ukuba iyinto eqhelekileyo, ngoko kuya kunceda ukuxhomekeka kwizixhobo ezininzi kunye nezicwangciso zokwenza izigqibo xa uzama ukwenza ukhetho .
> Imithombo:
> I-S., i-Anti-depressant advertising-to--consumer-consumer perception of the depression: Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule obukhoyo. UkuNxibelelana kweMpilo. 2008; 23 (6): 499-505.
> I-Bureau of Labor Statistics. Ukuhlaziywa koLwazi luka-2014 lweeNtsholongwane zokuLawulwa kwabaSebenzi. 2016.
> IMedin, iDL & Ross, BH. Psychology Cognitive. ENew York: Wiley; 2004.
> Tversky, A & Kahneman, D. Ukufumaneka: I-Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Possibility. Psychology Cognitive. 1973; 5 (1): 207-233.