Izikhokelo esizisebenzisayo ekuPhakeni kwePawulo
Enye indlela esiyiqonda ngayo ubunzulu kwihlabathi elikusijikelezayo ngukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi- monocular cues . Lezi zikhokelo ezingasetyenziselwa ukuqonda okucacileyo okubandakanya ukusebenzisa iso linye kuphela. Ukuba uzama ukuvala iso linye, kunokuba nzima kunzima ukugweba ubunzulu, kodwa usenako ukufumanisa ukuba izinto ezikufutshane okanye ezikude zibhekiselele kwindawo yakho.
Ubunzulu bokubona buvumela ukuba siqonde ihlabathi elikusijikelezileyo kwiimilinganiselo ezintathu kunye nokulinganisa umgama wezinto ezivela kuthi nakwezinye izinto. Unokuqhathanisa imixholo yendawo kunye neengcambu zebinocular, njengoko ungalindela, yizo ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamehlo omabili.
Ezi zizinye zeziqhelo eziqhelekileyo ezizisebenzisa ukusiqonda ubunzulu:
Size
Ubungakanani obuqingqiweyo bento busebenza njengento ebalulekileyo yombutho wokubona ngokujulile. Isebenza ngale ndlela: Ukuba izinto ezimbini zifana nobukhulu obufanayo, into ekhangeleka inkulu iya kugwetywa njengowokufuphi komgcini. Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini iziboniso-ntathu kunye nemifanekiso emibini. Izinto ezimbini kwiphepha lephepha zilingana kunye, kodwa ukuhluka kobukhulu kunokukwenza into enkulu ibonakale isondele kwaye into encinci ibonakala kude.
Uhlobo olungapheliyo kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo
Ubukhulu obungenasiphelo, okanye ubungakanani boqobo bezinto, negalelo ekuboneni ubunzulu.
Izinto ezincinci, nangona singazi kakuhle ukuba zikhulu kangakanani, ziza kubheka kude kunento enkulu ebeka kwindawo enye.
Iimbono zethu zobungakanani nazo ziyakuchukumisa ukuba siyazi kakuhle ezi zinto. Ngexa uqhuba, ukuqhelana nobukhulu becala yemoto kunokukunceda ukuba uqwalasele ukuba iindawo ezikufutshane okanye ezikude zithuthi zivela kwindawo yakho.
Ukuphakama
Isikhundla sendawo ngokubhekiselele ekugqibeleni singasetyenziswa njengolu hlobo lwesilwanyana esisodwa. Izinto ezikufuphi ekugqibeleni zibonakala zibonakala kude, ngelixa iindawo ezikude ukusuka ekugqibeleni zibonakala zijonge.
UkuGqithwa kweMpawu
Esinye isiqulatho esibalulekileyo somhlaba sisetyenziselwa ukubunjwa ukulinganisa ubunzulu kunye nomgama. Xa ukhangele into efikelela kude, njengentsimi engcolileyo, ukuthungwa kuya kubonakala kuncinci kwaye kuya kubonakala kude. Njengoko ukhangele ngaphaya kombono, izinto eziphambili zibonakaliswa ngakumbi. I-asphalt yendlela ibonakala ibuhlungu kwaye ibuhlungu. Izilwanyana zasendle zibukeka zihlukile, kwaye unokukwazi ukuhlula ngokucacileyo isityalo esinye kwesinye.
Njengoko ummandla uphindela kude, ezi ziqulatho zetekisi ziba ngaphantsi. Awukwazi ukufumana yonke imithi enye entabeni ekude. Endaweni yoko, izityalo ezigubungela iintaba zikhangeleka njengengqayi engacacanga yombala oluhlaza. Ukwahluka kobunqamlezo kubakhonkco njengento ebalulekileyo yendawo yokujonga ubunzulu bezinto ezikude kwaye zide.
I-Parallax Motion
Umbono wezinto ezihambayo nazo zinokusebenza njengendawo yokuzimela.
Njengoko uhamba, izinto ezikufutshane zibonakala zizondeza ngokukhawuleza kunokuba zenzeke kude. Xa ugibele emotweni, umzekelo, iipaluni zeefowuni eziseduze zikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kuneemithi ekude. Le nkcazelo ebonakalayo ikuvumela ukuba uqonde izinto ezihambayo ngokukhawuleza phambi kokusondela kunezinto ezihamba phambili ezikude.
Umbono woMoya
Izinto ezikude zibonakala ziphazamisekile okanye zingenangqondo ngenxa yomoya. Njengoko ukhangela phezulu, izinto ezikufutshane zibonakala zihluke ngoxa abantu abasemagqeni bangafihlakele ngothuli, inkungu okanye umphunga wamanzi.
Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezikude zivame ukubonakala i-hazier, le ngqungquthela isitshela ukuba izinto ezigqithisileyo ziba nzima.
Iingcamango zoMgca
Imigca efanayo ibonakala idibana njengoko ihamba ibanga. Ngokomzekelo, iingcambu zangaphandle zendlela zibonakala zikhula zisondele kwaye zisondele de zivele zidibane. Ukusondelana kunye nemigca emibini, umgama omkhulu uya kubonakala.
Ukugqithisa (okanye Ukumisela)
Xa enye into ihamba phezu komnye, into efihliwe ngokucacileyo iyabonwa njengekude. Umzekelo, ukuba ubona amanani amabini emi emgama kwaye omnye umfanekiso ugqithisa kwaye uvela kwenye, uya kuqonda ukuba isalathisi esiphezulu sisemva kwesimo esingaqhelekanga. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ugwebe indlela izinto ezibekwa ngayo ngokubhekiselelana kunye kunye negalelo lakho lobunzulu kwihlabathi elikujikelezile.
Shading and Lighting
Indlela yokukhanya iwela ezintweni kwaye inani le-shading likhoyo linokuthi lube luphawu olubalulekileyo lwama-monocular. Izinto ezifihliweyo kwaye zifihliweyo zingabonakala zihamba kude kunokuba zikhanya ngokukhanya.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukuze ugxininise kwizinto ezikufutshane, izihlunu ezithile kwintsebenziswano yamehlo, ukuguqula umlo we-lens yakho. Xa ukhangela izinto ezikude, ezi zihlunu ziyaziphumla. Le ndawo yokuhlala inokusebenza njengesigxina esisodwa, nangona sihlala singazi.
Iimpawu zeMonocular zisetyenziswa njani
Xa sibona ihlabathi elikujikelezile, ezininzi zezi ngqungquthela zisebenza kunye ukuze zenze igalelo lethu lobunzulu. Ikhonkco lesakhiwo libukeka likhulu kwaye liluhlu oluthile, okwenza ukuba lubonakale lusondele. Izinto eziqhubeka ngaphantsi kwesitalato zibonakala zingancinci, ngoko sibagweba njengokuba zide. Imigca efana nomgwaqo omkhulu ibonakala ihamba ngokuthe gqolo njengoko iyabonakala kude, kwaye iintaba ezikude zibonakala zingenangqiqo kwaye zingabonakali.
Zonke ezi zimilo zengqungquthela zinegalelo kwiimeko zethu zembonakalo, ukujonga kwethu ubunzulu kunye nomgama, nokuchazwa kwethu kwesimo sethu ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izinto kwindawo.
ILizwi
Iingqungquthela zeMonocular zingadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni ubunzulu kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo. Ngokungafani neengoma ze-binocular, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamehlo amabini, iziqulathi zodwa zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweliso elinye kwaye zingenziwa ngezimbini ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko, ezininzi zezi zihloko zisetyenziselwa ubugcisa ukudala ukukhohlisa kwendawo ephezulu.
> Imithombo:
> Coon D, iMitterer JO. Isingeniso kwiSkychology: Ingenelelo kwengqondo nokuziphatha. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth Cengage Learning; 2010.
> Goldstein EB. Ukuqonda kunye nePerception. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth Cengage Learning; 2014.