Indlela abaPhandi bafumana ngayo Ubudlelwane bokuBangela-kunye-nxaxheba
Uvavanyo olulula ngabaphandi abaninzi bavame ukusebenzisa ukuchonga ukuba utshintsho kwisitshixo esisodwa lungakhokelela ekutshintsheni kolunye uhlobo oluthile- ngamanye amagama, ukudala isizathu-neseziphumo. Ngovavanyo olulula olujonge ukuphumelela kwamachiza amatsha, umzekelo, abathathi-nxaxheba bangathathwa ngokulandelelana kwelinye lamacandelo amabini: elinye lala liza kuba liqela lolawulo kwaye alifumani nonyango, ngelixa elinye iqela liza kuba liqela lezilingo ofumana unyango olufundwayo.
Izixhobo zovavanyo olulula
Uvavanyo olulula luqulunqwe ngezinto eziphambili eziphambili:
- Iingcamango zokulinga. Le ngxelo esichazela ukuba unyango luya kubangela impembelelo kwaye kuya ku soloko luchithwa njenge-statement-effect-effect statement. Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi banokuthi bathethe ingcamango ngale ndlela: "Ulawulo lwezeMpilo A luya kubangela ukunciphisa impawu zeZifo B."
- I-hypothesis engekho. Le ngcamango yokuba unyango lwamayeza aluyi kuba nempembelelo kubathathi-nxaxheba okanye kwiindlela ezixhomekeke kuzo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukungaphumeleli kokufumana impembelelo yonyango akuthethi ukuba akukho mphumo. Unyango lunokuchaphazela olunye uhlobo olutshintshayo abaphandi abalinganiyo kulingo lwamanje.
- Ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo . Utshintsho lwonyango oluqhutyelwa ngumhloli.
- Inkqubela exhomekeke kuyo . Oku kubhekisela kwimpendulo abaphenyi abayilinganisayo.
- Iqela lolawulo. Laba ngabantu ngabanikezelwa ngokukodwa kwiqela kodwa abafumani unyango. Iimilinganiselo ezithathwe kwiqela lokulawula ziya kuthelekiswa nalabo abakwiqela lokulinga ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lunomphumo.
- Iqela lovavanyo. Eli qela labafundi abathathi-nxaxheba lenziwe ngezifundo ezikhethiweyo ezizodwa eziza kufumana unyango oluvavanywayo.
Ukuqulunqa iziphumo zovavanyo olulula
Emva kokuba iqokelelwe idatha evela kuluhlu olulula, abaphandi baqhathanisa iziphumo zeqela lokulinga kulabo beqela lokulawula ukuchonga ukuba unyango lunomphumo. Ngenxa yokuhlala ikhona iziphoso, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-100 ekhulwini iqiniseke ngolwalamano phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini. Kukho ukungafani okungaziwa kumdlalo ochaphazela umphumo wovavanyo, umzekelo.
Naphezu kwalo mngeni, kukho iindlela zokubona ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ulwalamano olunentsingiselo. Ukwenza oku, izazinzulu zisebenzisa izibalo ezingenasiphelo-isebe lezesayensi ejongene nokudweba ngokubaluleka malunga nenani elisekelwe kumanyathelo athathwe kwisampuli esimeleyo kuluntu.
Isihluthulelo sokumisela ukuba unyango unomphumo ukulinganisa ukubaluleka kwenani. Ukubaluleka kwesitatisti kubonisa ukuba ulwalamano phakathi kweenguqu mhlawumbi alubangelwa nje ngethuba kwaye ukuba nolwalamano lwangempela lubonakala lukhoyo phakathi kweendlela ezimbini.
Ukubaluleka kwesitatisti kaninzi kubelwa njengale:
p <0.05
Inani le-p elingaphantsi kwe -00 libonisa ukuba iziphumo mhlawumbi zibangelwa ngethuba kwaye ukuba amathuba okufumana ezi ziphumo ziya kuba ngaphantsi kwamahlanu eepesenti.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ukubaluleka kwenani. Eyasetyenziswa iya kuxhomekeka kulolu hlobo lwesicwangciso sophando esasetyenziselwa ukuzama.