Ukuqwalasela ngokugqithiseleyo uphando loLungano
Ulungelelwano lubhekisela kulwalamano phakathi kwezinto ezimbini . Ulungelelwano lunokuqina okanye lube buthathaka, kunye nokuhle okanye okungalunganga. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokungabikho ukulungelelaniswa kuwo onke phakathi kwezinto ezichaphazelekayo.
Ukusebenza kweCorrelational Studies
Izifundo zokusebenzisana zihlobo lophando oluvame ukusetyenziswa kwiingcaphephe njengendlela yokuqala yokuqokelela ulwazi malunga nesihloko okanye kwimiba apho kwenziwa umzamo ongenakwenzeka.
Indlela yokusebenzisana ibandakanya ukujonga ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona abaphandi bangasebenzisa imiboniselo ukuze babone ukuba ulwalamano lukhona, iziguquko ngokwazo azikho phantsi kolawulo lwabaphandi.
Enye ingqalelo kukuba ngoxa uphando lwentsebenziswano lungabonakalisa ukuba ulwalamano lukhoyo phakathi kwezinto eziguqukayo, olu hlobo lophando alukwazi ukubonakalisa ukuba utshintsho kwizinto eziguquguqukileyo lukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwenye into eguquguqukayo. Ngamanye amazwi, izifundo zokusebenzisana azikwazi ukubonakalisa ubudlelwane obangela-kunye-effect. Izindlela zokusebenzisana zinamandla amaninzi kunye nobuthathaka, ngoko kubalulekile ukuchonga indlela ephandekileyo yophando ngayo imeko ethile.
Injongo yeCorrelational Research
Kukho iziphumo ezintathu zendlela yokufunda ngokubambisana: ukulungelelanisa okulungileyo, ukulungiswa okungahambiyo, kwaye akukho mbumbano. Umlinganiselo wokulingana ngumlinganiselo wegunya lokulungelelanisa kwaye unako ukusuka kwi--1.00 ukuya ku-+1.00.
- Ulungelelaniso oluhle: Kulo hlobo lolungelelaniso, zombini iinguqu zinyuka okanye zinciphisa ngelo xesha. Umlinganiselo wokulingana osondeleyo ku-+1.00 ubonisa ulungelelwano olunamandla.
- Amanyathelo angalunganga: Olu hlobo lolungelelwano lubonisa ukuba njengoko inani leyintlukwano ephakama, elinye liyancipha (kunye nenye indlela). Ubumbano obumalunga no--1.00 lubonisa ukulungelelanisa okunamandla.
- Akukho ukulungelelanisa: Oku kubonisa ukuba akukho buhlobo phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. I-coefficient ye-0 iyabonakalisa ukulungiswa.
Ukulinganiselwa kweeCorrelational Studies
Nangona uphando lwama-correlational lunokubonisa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini, ayikwazi ukubonisa ukuba enye inguqu ibangela utshintsho kwezinye iinguqu. Ngamanye amagama, ukulungiswa akulingani na .
Ngokomzekelo, isifundo se-correlational sinokubonisa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwempumelelo yemfundo kunye nokuzithemba , kodwa ayikwazi ukubonisa ukuba impumelelo yemfundo ngokwenene ibangela utshintsho ekuzihloneleni. Ezinye iinguqu zinokudlala indima, kubandakanya ubudlelwane boluntu, ubuchule bokuqonda, ubuntu, imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Iintlobo zoPhando loLuntu
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zophando lwe-correlational, kuquka:
- Ukuqwalaselwa ngokwemvelo : Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuqwalasela nokurekhoda iimpawu ezichaphazelekayo kwindalo engqongileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okanye ukunyanzeliswa ngumhloli.
- Indlela yophando: Uphando kunye nemibuzo iphakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa uphando lwengqondo. Kulo ndlela, isampula esingahleliyo yabathathi-nxaxheba igqiba uphando, uvavanyo, okanye i-questionnaire enxulumene nemimandla echaphazelekayo. Isampula sengxowankulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuzaliswa kweziphumo zophando.
- Uphando lwengxelo: Olu hlobo lophando lwenziwa ngokuhlalutya uphando olwenziwa ngabanye baphandi okanye ngokujonga kwiirekhodi zesigulane. Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi bahlalutya iingxelo zamajoni asebenza kwiMfazwe Yomphakathi ukuze afunde okungakumbi malunga neengxaki zengcinezelo yokuhamba kwengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD) ekuhloleni okubizwa ngokuba "I-Heart Irritable" .
Iingenelo kunye neNzuzo yokuKhanya kweNdalo
Izinzuzo zokubonwa kwemvelo ziquka:
- Inika ithuba lokuzama ithuba lokujonga ukutshintsha kwezinto ezinomdla kwisimo semvelo
- Unokunika iingcamango zophando olongezelelweyo
- Mhlawumbi kube yindlela kuphela xa uvavanyo lwebhabhi lungenakwenzeka
Ukungalungi kokubonwa kwemvelo kubandakanya:
- Ingadla ixesha kwaye ibiza
- Awuvumeli ukulawulwa kwezesayensi zezinto eziguqukayo
- Iingcaphephe azikwazi ukulawula iziguquko ezingaphandle
- Izifundo ziyakwazi ukuba ummeli kwaye angenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngenxa yoko
Iingenelelo kunye neziNzuzo zoPhando lweSaveyi
Inzuzo yendlela yokuhlola iquka:
- Ukukhawuleza, okuncinci, kunye nabaphandi abancinci banokuqokelela imali eninzi ngexesha elincinane
- Iinguqu ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela
Iingxaki zendlela yokuhlola ziquka:
- Unokuchaphazeleka yinkampu engabonakaliyo okanye imibuzo engaphefumulanga
- Abathathi-nxaxheba banokuchaphazela isiphumo-abanye abathathi-nxaxheba bazama ukukholisa umphandi, ukuxoka ukuba benze ukuba bajonge bhetele, okanye bakhumbule iimpazamo eziphosakeleyo
Inzuzo kunye neNzuzo yoPhando loPhando
Iingcebiso zophando lwengxelo ziquka:
- Uvavanyo alukwazi ukuvelisa utshintsho kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha
- Iimali ezininzi zeenkcukacha zibonelela ngombono ongcono weendlela, ubudlelwane kunye neziphumo
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso elingaphantsi kunezinye iindlela zokuphanda-abaphandi banokufikelela kwiidatha ngokugcinwa kwamaziko okugcina okanye iiirekhodi zolwazi
Iingxaki zophando lwengxelo ziquka:
- Abaphandi abanakho ukulawula indlela idatha eqokelelwe ngayo
- Imihla ebalulekileyo ingahle ilahleke kwiirekhodi
- Uphando olwedlule lunokuthenjwa