Iklasi yokuqala yeziyobisi esasetyenziselwa ukunyamezela ukudandatheka
I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) yayilona hlobo lokuqala loxinzelelo lwe-anti-depressant olusungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1950. Ngoxa bekuninzi baxhaswa ngamanye amaqela eziyobisi, ii-MAOIs zisenendawo yazo kunyango, ngokugqithiseleyo kubantu abaxilongwa ukuba bacinezelekile .
I-MAOIs isebenza njani
Iimoya zilawulwa ngokukodwa ngamakhemikhali kwingqondo ebizwa ngokuthi i- neurotransmitters .
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-neurotransmitter ezibandakanyeka kwiimpawu-i- serotonin , i- norepinephrin , kunye ne- dopamine- zonke zazo zibalwa njenge-monoamines (zithetha ukuba ziqukethe iqela le- amino acid ).
Ama-neurotransmitters asetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo achithelwa yi-enzyme eyaziwa ngokuba yi-monoamine oxidase. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le nkqubo inamandla kakhulu kwaye ininzi i-neurotransmitters iyatshatyalaliswa, umntu unokuhlakulela iimpawu ze-neuropsychiatric ngendlela yokudandatheka.
Umsebenzi we-MAOIs ngokuthintela umsebenzi wale enzyme, okubangelwa kumazinga aphakamileyo e-neurotransmitters kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zokudandatheka.
I-MAOI i-anti-depressants approved for use in the US:
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Emsam - selegiline transdermal
Nangona i-MAOI ingasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kunyango lokuqala lokudakumba, isebenza ngokukodwa kwiimeko zokudandatheka . Le yindlela yokudandatheka okubonakalayo ngokutya ngokugqithiseleyo, ukulala ngokugqithiseleyo, uvakalelo ukulahlwa, kunye nokukhubazeka okubangelwa ukukhubazeka (ukunciphisa ukunyakaza ngenxa yokubandezeleka emilenzeni nasezingalweni).
I-MAOIs isetyenziselwa ukuphatha isifo se-Parkinson kwaye ingasetyenziselwa enye indlela yokuphulukisa i-prophylactic (inqandezelo) ye-migraines ezinzima.
Kutheni i-MAOI ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
Namhlanje, ukuxinezeleka kuqhutshwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenye iklasi yeziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ezibandakanya i- Zoloft (sertraline) kunye nePaxil (paroxetine) .
Oku kubangelwe, ngenxalenye, kwinani elikhulu lemiphumo kunye nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa ezifunyanwa ngabantu kwi-MAOIs.
Enye yezinto ezixhalabisa kakhulu yizithintelo zokutya apho abantu kwi-MAOI kufuneka baphephe ukutya kunye neentlanzi eziqukethe i- tyramine . Ezi zibandakanya izinto zokutya zesibindi kunye nezithambiso ezifana neentshizi neziyobisi. Ngenxa yokuba i-tyramine ichaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-MAOI yandisa i-tyramine, nayiphi na ukudibanisa ekudleni kunokukhokelela kwingxaki enkulu yengozi kunye nokufa.
I-MAOIs idibaniswa kunye neempawu zokuhoxiswa xa unyango luye lwayeka. Ngoxa ezinye i-antidepressants ezichaphazelekayo, ziqwalaselwa ngokukodwa kwi-MAOIs. Ngenxa yoko, isilwanyana kufuneka sidityaniswe phantsi kolawulo lwesigqirha kwaye sihamba kunye nekhefu lonyango kuyo nayiphi na iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwii-5 ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe izidakamizwa ezintsha zokuxilisa.
Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi
Enye imingeni emikhulu ye-MAOIs kukuba uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa umntu angamava ngonyango. Ezi zibandakanya imirhumo kunye neyeza-counter-counter-medication kunye neziyobisi zesitalato. Ngaphandle kokuba ilawulwe kakuhle, i-MAOI inokuphazamisa ezinye izibonelelo okanye zinciphise ukusebenza kwe-MAOI ngokwayo.
Uluhlu lokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa lubandakanya:
- Amphetamines
- Antihistamines
- Antipsychotics
- Iimfuyo ze-asthma
- Igalelo loxinzelelo lwegazi
- BuSpar (buspirone)
- ICocaine
- Demerol (i-pethidine)
- Prozac (i-fluoxetine)
- Ritalin (methylphenidate)
- Tegretol (carbamazepine)
- I-Tricyclic antidepressants
- Tryptophan
- Wellbutrin (bupropion)
Enyanisweni, kuthathwa njengengozi xa i-MAOI ithathwa nge-cocaine, i-Demerol, i-Prozac, okanye nayiphi na i-tricyclic antidepressant. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-MAOI akufanele zisetyenziswe naluphi na uhlobo olune-anti-depressant, olubandakanya elinye i-MAOI.
ILizwi
Ii-MAOI, ngelixa zingasetyenziswa kangangoko namhlanje kunama-SSRIs, zinokusebenza kwiimeko ezithile, ezinzima zokuphatha.
Ukuba umiselwe i-MAOI, kubalulekile ukuba ucebise ugqirha wakho malunga nawaphi na onke amachiza owathathayo, ngokwasemthethweni okanye ngenye indlela. Ngaphezu koko, xa uqalisiwe unyango, akufanele uthabathe naluphi na isichengululo, kuquka i-rem-cure yangasese, kwaye ungakhange uxoxe nodokotela wakho kuqala.
> Umthombo:
> Grady, M. kunye neSthl, S. "Isikhokelo esilungileyo sokumisela ii-MAOIs: debunking iindlovu kunye nokususa izithintelo." I-CNS Spectrum 2012; 17: 2-10. INGXELO: 10.1017 / S109285291200003X.