Iintloni kunye nengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakabi zakwabelana ngeempawu ezininzi. Ukuba uchithe ubomi bakho bobubomi njengokuba ungumntu onamahloni, uyazi njani ukuba kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu? Okanye, ukuba ungumzali okhathazayo, unokuba uzibuza ukuba umntwana wakho uyamoyika abantu abangaziwayo okanye ungenzi abahlobo abatsha esikolweni. Kwimeko apho, uyazi njani ukuba ingxaki enkulu?
Unelungelo lokukhathazeka-uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo loluntu (SAD) luvame ukuxhatshazwa nje njengentloni enkulu . Izibalo zibonisa ukuba nangona iimpawu zivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, uninzi lwabantu abanenkinga abayifumana unyango (malunga ne-75% yabantu abagulayo), kwaye abo bafuna unyango balinde ixesha elide ukwenza njalo - ngokweminyaka eyi-14 .
Ngokukhawuleza uyenzayo, ngokukhawuleza ungakuphepha ukulahlekelwa ngamathuba. Xa iimpawu ziqala ebuntwaneni, zingathatha ubomi bomntwana wakho. Ubuntwana lixesha apho izakhono zentlalo ziphuhliswa ekulungiseleleni imingeni yobutsha kunye nabantu abadala. Abantwana abahluphekayo kunye ne-SAD bavame ukuhlakulela ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kwezentlalo. Njengoko abantwana bekhula kunye neengxaki, banokuba bajwayele ukuba noloyiko lwentlalo kunye nokuyila ubomi ngokusekelwe kukuphepha.
Ziziphi iziphumo ze-SAD ezingangekho kwixesha elide? Ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo ingaba nefuthe elichaphazelayo kwimfundo yakho, impumelelo yomsebenzi, ukuzimela kwemali kunye nobudlelwane bakho.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kubakho ubomi obude kunye nokudakumba okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi .
Kodwa Kukho Ithemba
Kuba uninzi lwabantu (uphando lubonisa malunga nama-70%), i-SAD inokuphathwa ngempumelelo. Kubuhlungu kukuba abantu balinde ixesha elide okanye bangalutholi uncedo xa le ngxaki iyinto enokuncedisa unyango.
Ngaba Ndiyadla?
Isizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi abafunanga uncedo kwi-SAD kukuba abaqondi ukuba banesimo sengqondo esaziwayo. Kodwa kuye kwavakaliswa ngokusemthethweni kwindlela yokuhlaziywa kwe- DSM-IV ngokutsha , njengengxaki yesigxina eneenkqubo zokuxilonga .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu eziphambili ezahlula ukunyaniseka ukusuka kwi-SAD kukubaluleka kokwesaba, izinga lokuphepha, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza okubangela ebomini bomntu. Abantu abane-SAD abaqhelekileyo abaziveleli nje ngaphambi kokuba banike intetho . Basenokukhathazeka malunga nentetho yeveki okanye iinyanga ngaphambili, balahleka ubuthongo ngenxa yokuxhalaba, kwaye banemiqondiso enzima yokuxhalaba ngexesha leloyiko, njengentliziyo yokugijima, ukuphefumula okufutshane , ukujuluka okanye ukuthuthumela.
Iimpawu zisoloko zingaphantsi kodwa ziba nzima njengoko imeko iyaqhubeka. Umntu ophethe i-SAD ngokuqhelekileyo uyaqonda ukuba ukwesaba kwakhe akunakunikwa kodwa akakwazi ukulawula.
Ukuhlola i-SAD
Ugqirha wakho okanye uqeqesho lwezempilo yengqondo uya kuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe olunzulu ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba uhlangabezana neempendulo zokuxilongwa kwe-SAD. Nangona kunjalo, njengesinyathelo sokuqala, unokuthi uzalise imilinganiselo yokuhlola ukufumana imfuno yokuhlola okulandeleleneyo.
Olunye uvavanyo lokuhlola i- "Mini-SPIN" (i-Mini-Social Phobia Inventory) enemibuzo emithathu kuphela. I-Mini-SPIN (kunye nodade iguqulela i-SPIN epheleleyo) yadalwa nguDkt. Jonathan Davidson weSebe leZengqondo, iDuke University Medical Centre. Kuhlolisiso lwezigulane ezingama-7,000 ezifunyaniswe ne-SAD, i-89% yezigulane ezifunyenweyo zichongwa ngokusebenzisa le ndlela yokuhlola.
Ukugqiba i-SPIN, ugqirha wakho uya kukulinganisela ezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo ngokubhekiselele kwindlela abayinyaniso ngayo kuwe kwisikali se-0 ukuya ku-4, apho i-0 "ayikho nanye" kwaye 4 "ikhona kakhulu."
- Ukoyika ukuhlazeka kukubangela ukuba ndiphephe ukwenza izinto okanye ukuthetha nabantu.
- Ndiyiphephe imisebenzi endiyiyo ndawo.
- Ukuba neentloni okanye ukubukeka sisisidenge kukuphakathi kwam kunkwantya.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanqaku amaninzi angama-6 okanye ngaphezulu abonisa ukuba yi-SAD enokwenzeka, nangona kunjalo nje kuphela oqeqeshiweyo wezempilo yengqondo angakwazi ukuxilongwa. Ukongeza kwi-SPIN kunye ne-Mini-SPIN, kukho ezinye iindixhobo ezingasetyenziselwa ukukhenkca i-SAD kuquka :
- Liebowitz Social Phobia Scale
- Uloyiko loVavanyo oluNtle
- UkuPhepha koLuntu kunye neNgxaki
Nangona izixhobo zokuhlola zikunceda gqitha ekufumaneni iingxaki ezinokuthi uxhaphaze intlalontle, akukho ndawo ithathelwa ingxubevange epheleleyo yokuxilongwa eyenziwa ngumqeqeshi wezempilo yengqondo . Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukunika uvavanyo olupheleleyo, okanye ukuthumela kwelinye igosa elithile elinolwazi xa ufumanisa i-disorder .
Imithombo:
URosenthal J, uJacobs L, uMarcus M, uKatzman M. Ngaphandle kweentloni: Xa usenokukrokrela ingxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo . Umbhalo Wezenzo Zentsapho . 2007; 56: 369-374.
I-Connor KM, uKobak KA, uChurchill LE, uKatzelnick D, Davidson JR. I-Mini-Spin: Ukuvavanywa okufutshane kwenkqubo yokukhathazeka yentlalo yoluntu . Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa . 2001; 14: 137-140.