Ukususela kwiminyaka yobuntwa beminyaka yobuntwana ukuya ebuntwaneni obuphakathi, abantwana bafumana utshintsho oluntu olukhulu noluntu. Cinga nje ngommahluko phakathi komntwana oneminyaka emibini kunye nomnye oneminyaka ezisixhenxe okanye ezisibhozo. Inani elikhulu lotshintsho kunye nokukhula kwenzeka ngexesha lalo nyaka. Umntu oneminyaka emibili ubudala uyaziwa ngokuba nomsindo kunye nokunamathela kubazali.
Abantwana kule minyaka bazama ukuzenza izinto ngokwabo, babe neenguqu ezinzulu kwiimvakalelo, kwaye bahlala bekunzima ukuhamba kunye nabanye abantwana. Umntwana oneminyaka emibini ubudala ufuna ukuba ngongamela rhoqo, hleze ukufuna ukwazi kwakhe okugqithiseleyo kubangela ingxaki.
Ukukhawuleza ukufikelela kwiminyaka esixhenxe kwaye uya kubona ukuba umntwana uye waqonda kakhulu ukwenza izinto ngokuzimeleyo kwaye mhlawumbi uyaziqhenya ngokufezekisa oko. Ngethuba lobuntwana obuphakathi, abantwana banokukwazi ngakumbi kwaye banokuzithemba. Abazali baqala ukubeka ithemba kumntwana, bemvumela ukuba athathe imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokukhetha iimpahla zakhe kunye nokwenza isidlo sakusasa sakhe. Ubuhlobo bentsapho basabalulekile, kodwa abantwana bancinci kakhulu kule minyaka. Ngokungafani neminyaka emancinci, xa ukuhlukana kwabazali kudla ngokukhokelela ekuhambeni kokukhala, abantwana abaneminyaka esikolweni bahlala esikolweni ngokuzamile kwaye bengenakho umdlalo omkhulu. Ebudeni bemini, abantwana basebenzisana ngempumelelo kunye noontanga kunye nokuphulaphula utitshala kwaye balandele izikhokelo.
Nangona ukukhula kogcino kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubela phambili, ukukhula okukhulu kwentlalo kunye nomoya kwenzeka nakwiminyaka ebuncinane. Njengoko abantwana beqala isikolo, ihlabathi labo lezentlalo liba lukhulu kakhulu. Apho amaninzi ekusebenzisaneni kwabo kwentlalontle kwakukho ngokuyinxalenye kunye nosapho, ukuqaliswa kwesikolo kuvula umhlaba omtsha wobudlelwane nabanye abantu.
Oku kunika abantwana igumbi elicebileyo elinzulu kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwentlalo yoluntu kunye noluntu oluqhelekileyo nolungaqhelekanga.
Uphuhliso loLuntu lweNtlalo
Njengoko abantwana beya esikolweni, baqala ukugxininisa ngakumbi abo bajikelezayo. Njengoko babona abanye abantu baninzi, baqala ukuziqhathanisa nabo ontanga. I-self-concept ikhula kancane kancane kubuntwaneni, ukuqala kwiminyaka yokuqala njengoko abantwana beqonda ukuba bazimeleyo kwaye baqhubekela phambili ekuqondeni ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngubani kunye nezinto abathandayo. Ngexesha lokufunda esikolweni esiphakathi, abantwana baqala ukuphucula indlela engcono yokuthi bafanele njani ukuhlala kwindawo yabo yentlalo.
Ngethuba leminyaka embalwa yokuqala yesikolo sokuqala, abantwana bavame ukuba nempembelelo yabo ngokwemvelo. Bavame ukugqithisa ubuchule babo ukwenza izenzo ezithile ezifana nokubala ukuya kwekhulu, ukuqaqa intambo ngokugqibeleleyo, okanye ukuphumelela umncintiswano ngokumelene nomfundi ofunda naye. Ukufumana ubuninzi bezakhono eziphambili yindlela enye ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa umgangatho wokuzithemba . Ngokudlala, abantwana baqala ukuphucula izakhono zabo baze babe ngabasebenzi kwaye benze imisebenzi ethile kunye nezenzo.
Abantwana baqala ukugcina indlela abaontanga babo benza ngayo loo misebenzi kwaye baqhele ukuziqhathanisa nabanye.
Inkwenkwe yeklasi yesithathu eyaziwa ngokuba ngumgijimi onokukhawuleza ingadideka xa enye inkwenkwe eklasini imbethela emncintiswaneni ngexesha lokudlula. Oku kuqonda ukuba akayena mdlali ogqwesileyo okanye okhawulezayo unokuba nefuthe ekuziphatheni kwakhe. Njengoko ekhula, le nkwenkwe iya kuqala ukugxininisa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kuye. Ukuba ukuqhuba kusebalulekile, unokuqalisa ukusebenzisa ukuze aphucule izakhono zakhe. Okanye, unokuqonda ukuba ungumdlali ongcono kakhulu webhola, ngoko ukuba umgijimi onqamlekileyo akabalulekanga.
Ukwenza Ubungane kuMntwana Ophakathi
Kule hlabathi lezentlalo elikhula liza ukuqaliswa kobuhlobo.
Ubuhlobo buba luleke ngokubaluleka kulo lonke unyaka wesikolo esiphakathi. Nangona abantwana abanezakhono ngokucacileyo bancike kubazali babo kwaye banandipha ukuchitha ixesha kunye nabantwana babo, nabo banomdla ngakumbi ekwakheni ubudlelwane nabanye abantu abangaphandle kweyunithi yentsapho. Ukufunda indlela yokwenza nokugcina ubuhlobo kubaluleke kakhulu kwinxalenye yophuhliso kwinkqubo ngeli xesha. Zimbalwa izinto ezinokuyenza intliziyo yomzali ikhulu ngakumbi kunokuba ubukele umzabalazo wakho womntwana ukufumana abahlobo okanye ukukhawuleza ukuchasana nentlalo okanye ukuziphatha kakubi kwabanye abantwana. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izinto abazali abangayenza ukuze baqinisekise ukuba umntwana wabo uzuza ubuchule bentlalo abayifunayo ukuphumelela esikolweni kwaye kamva ebomini.
Ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala yobuntwana, abantwana bavumi ukubeka ingcamango eninzi ekukhetheni okanye ukwenza abahlobo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhetha kwabo abalingani bezemidlalo kule minyaka yokuqala kuyinkalo yokusondela. Ezinye iifana zihlala kwindawo enye ngexesha elifanayo. Njengokuba nayiphi na umzali okanye utitshala angayingqina, ukuxabana kubonakala kakhulu ngexesha lokuqala kwasebuntwaneni ukususela ekubeni abantwana abasebancinci banako ukungabikho kwezakhono zentlalo ezifana nokwabelana, ukuphulaphula, ukunyamezela kunye nentsebenziswano.
Njengoko abantwana behamba beya esikolweni, baqala ukukhetha ngokukhetha kwabo njengabahlobo. Kanye njengoko abantwana beqhathanisa nabanye, baqala ukwenza izigwebo malunga nabanye abantwana. Ngokumangalisa kukuba, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantwana bahlala bephuza ukwenza izigwebo ezimbi malunga namanye abantwana. Nangona abantu abadala behlala bekhawuleza ukubonisa ukuba "abantwana banokukhwabanisa," abaninzi abantwana banengcamango efanelekileyo malunga nabo bafunda nabo.
Abantwana benza, ke ke, baqale ukuqwalasela iimpawu zabanye abantwana kwaye benze izigqibo malunga nabantwana abangathanda ukuthandana nabo. Abanye abantwana banokubambisana omnye nomnye kuba banomdla kwimisebenzi efana nemidlalo okanye imidlalo yevidiyo. Abanye abantwana banokudityaniswa kubahlobo abathile ngokusekelwe kwindlela abaphumayo ngayo, indlela abagqoka ngayo, okanye ukusebenzisana nabo ngamaqela. Ngeli xesha, abantwana bavame ukukhetha abahlobo abanobubele kunye nokuhlala, kwaye mhlawumbi baphuma. Bajwayele ukuphepha abantwana abanobuqili okanye abanobudlova.
Nangona abazali bebengenakho okuthethayo malunga nokuba ngubani umntwana wabo oba ngumhlobo njengoko bekwenza xa bebancinci, kusekho izinto abantu abadala abangayenza ukukhokela abantwana kubomi abonwabileyo kwaye banempilo. Abazali bangaqala ngokukhuthaza umntwana ukuba akhulume namanye abantwana kodwa akhuphe ukunyuka. Ukuba umntwana ubonakala enomdla ekudlala kuphela nomhlobo omnye omhle, abazali banokubheka ukuxhamla umntwana ukuba axhomeke kunye nabanye abantwana ngokunjalo. Isikolo yindawo enhle yokwenza abahlobo, kodwa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi engekho esikolweni njengokudlala i-softball okanye ukuthatha iiklasi zobugcisa kunika amanye amathuba okuphuhlisa ubudlelwane obuhle boluntu.
Ubuhlobo obunempilo bubonakaliswe ngokubambisana, ububele, ukuthembela, kunye nentlonipho. Ngoko ke abazali bafanele benzani ukuba umntwana wabo ubonakale ebudlelwaneni obungenampilo? Ukukhumbula ukuba bonke abahlobo banokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwabo kunokuba luncedo. Iimbambano ezithile okanye iingxabano azibonakalisi ukuba ulwalamano luyabhubhisa okanye luyingozi. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, ubuhlobo buba ngumthombo wokuxinezeleka okanye uxhalaba, ngoko lixesha lokuthatha isenzo. Abazali bafanele baqale ngokuthetha nomntwana babo kwaye bamkhuthaze ukuba baxelele iimvakalelo zakhe nomhlobo. Abantu abadala kufuneka bancede abantwana baqonde ukubaluleka kokuhamba kude neemeko, ingakumbi ukuba umhlobo uhlala emzimbeni okanye ephazamisayo. Ekugqibeleni, abazali kunye nabanye abadala bangazama ukubeka umgama phakathi komntwana kunye nomhlobo. Umzekelo, utitshala angakhetha ukubeka abantwana abanobambiswano ngaphandle komnye.