Nangona abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo efanelekileyo malunga neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezifana ne- marijuana , i- cocaine , ne-LSD, bahlala bewutyeshela iingozi ezibangelwa abantwana babo kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo zasendlini eziqukethe i-solvents or aerosols.
Umkhwa wokuthi "ukukhanda i-glue" kuye kwaba ngeenxa zonke kwizizukulwana, kodwa abaninzi abazali abazange bacinge ukuba umntwana uya kuthatha inxaxheba kwinto ecacileyo yingozi. Ngelishwa, abaninzi abantwana benza.
Imveliso efana ne-polisi yokukhupha i-nail, i-fluid ekhanyayo, iipayipi ze-spray, i-deodorant kunye neenwele, i-crushed whipped, kunye nokucoceka kwamanzi kufumaneka kwaye kulula ukuyifumana. Ininzi encinci ikhupha imiphunga esuka kule mijelo ekukhangela ukuxhatshazwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokwazi imiphumo emibi yempilo enokubangelwa.
Kakade ke, abantwana abayena kuphela abachaphazelekayo. Kuyinto ephantsi kakhulu kubantu abadala abakwazi ukufumana iindleko zezilwanyana ezingekho mthethweni.
1 - Ziyiphi i-Inhalants?
Izidalwa ze-inhalants zizinto, eziqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiimveliso zentsapho eziqhelekileyo, ezivelisa umphunga wamachiza ongaxiliswa. Ukunyuselwa kwezi mpuphu kumnika umntu ingqondo eguqula ingqondo.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubhaliweyo, kodwa xa sibhekisela kuma-inhalants, sibhekisela kwiqela lezinto ezingabanjwanga nantoni na enye indlela kunokubakhuthaza.
Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, kukho ezine iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-inhalants ezitholakala kwindlu, i-industrial or medical products. Ziquka: i-solvents solvents, aerosols, i-gases, ne-nitrites.
Ukulandela kukho iinkcukacha malunga necandelo ngalinye le-inhalant:
Izixazululo ezinamandla
Iimpawu eziququzelayo eziphambene neqondo lokushisa liyakwaziwa njengezinto ezivuthayo. Zifumaneka kule mikhiqizo elandelayo:
- Abadlali bePaint and removers
- Abahlaziyi
- I petroli
- Glues
- Ukucoca ngamanzi okucoca
- Amakishi e-Felt-tip
- Ukulungiswa kwamanzi
Aerosols
Ii-aerosols zi-sprays zamakhemikhali eziqulethe okanye izixazululo okanye zombini. Ziquka:
- Yenza upende
- Umfaki wokhuseleko uyaphula
- Iiprafu ezitshintshayo
- Iintswele zihluma
- Ukupheka kuyaphula
Gesi
Iigesi ezingasetyenziswa kakubi njengezithako ziquka i-anesthetics yezokwelapha kunye namayeza atholakala kwizindlu eziqhelekileyo okanye iimveliso zorhwebo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ether
- Chloroform
- Halothane
- I-nitrous oxide (igesi ehlekayo)
- Butane lighters
- Iitanki zepropane
- Iifriji
Ezi zilandelayo zintathu zentlupheko ye-inhalants zisebenza kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi kwaye zinike umsebenzisi isishukumiseko sengqondo, okanye ukuguquka kwengqondo okanye ukuguquka kwemiqondo okanye zombini. Nitrites, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyichaphazela umzimba ngokwahlukileyo.
Nitrites
Ama-nitites asebenza ikakhulu ngokuphucula imithwalo yegazi kunye nezihlunu eziphumayo. Zixhaphazwa ngokukodwa njengabakhuthazi ngokwesondo kwaye ngoko ke ziqwalaselwa kwiklasi ehlukeneyo ye-inhalants.
Eyaziwa ngokuba ngabapoper okanye i-snappers, i-nitrite inhalants ziquka:
- I-cyclohexyl nitrite
- Isoamyl (amyl) nitrite
- Isobutyl (butyl) nitrite
Emva kokumiselwa intlungu yentliziyo, i-nitrites ngoku iyanqatshelwe yiKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi. Basenokufumaneka kwiimarike, nangona kunjalo, bathengiswa njengeemveliso ezibhaliweyo: "i-header cleaner", "i-odorizer yegumbi," "isicocekisi sebala," okanye "inqumba epholileyo."
2 - Ziziphi iipatheni zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi?
Ngenxa yokufumaneka kwazo kwiimveliso zentsapho eziqhelekileyo, i-inhalants yeyona nto ihlala yilezi zonyango abantwana abancinci basebenzisayo. Enyanisweni, i-inhalants isetyenziswe ngakumbi ngabantwana abancinci kunabantwana abaselula.
Nangona abantwana bezona zixhaphazi eziphambili, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana ezinokusetyenziswa kakubi kunokuhlala kungapheli kwaye kudala kukudala. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, uphando lweZiko loLwaphulo loLwaphulo-mthetho lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezidakamizwa kuphakama ngeli-7 ukuya kweyesi-9.
Iintsika zeBakala lesi-8
Iinkcukacha ezivela kwi-NIDA ezixhaswa ngemali zibonisa iipatheni ezilandelayo zokusetyenziswa kakubi:
- I-American Drug and Alcohol Survey yabantwana kwi-4 ukuya kweyesi-12 ibakala ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwinqanaba le-8.
- Ukuhlolisiswa kwexesha elizayo kwi-8th, 10 ne-12-graders kubonisa izinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo kwi-8th graders kunabantwana abakwizinga eliphezulu.
Amantombazana okuShatshazwa kakubi, Njalo
Olunye uphando lubonisa iipateni zokungafani kobulili ekusebenziseni i-inhalants. Abafana banako ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwizidalwa ze-4 ukuya kwe-6 kunye nama-10 ukuya kwe-12, kodwa amakhwenkwe namantombazana kumabakala 7 ukuya ku-9 anamazinga afanayo okusetyenziswa kakubi.
Uphando lwezeMpilo kaZwelonke malunga nokuSetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi (NHSDA) lubonise amazinga afanayo okusetyenziswa kakubi kumantombazana kunye namantombazana kwiqela elidala eli-12-17, kodwa kwiqela elidala eli-18-25, izinga lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana kwaba ngamabini .
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwintlalo yasekuhlaleni nasezidolophini kunye neemeko zentlalo-ntle kubonakala kubonakala kunobangela obuthathaka kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezinto ezingekho phantsi kobuhlanga okanye iinkcubeko, i-NIDA ibika. Izinto ezinxulumene nokunyusa kakubi ukusetyenziswa kakubi ziquka ubumpofu, amazinga ahluphekileyo, ukuphuma esikolweni kunye nembali yokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana.
3 - Yintoni Ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kakubi?
Xa kuthelekiswa neziyobisi ezininzi ezingekho mthethweni, i-inhalants ixhatshazwa yipesenti encinci yabemi, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo kubalulekile phakathi kwabantwana abancinci.
Ngo-2010, bekuqikelelwa ukuba abalinganiselwa kuma-793,000 abasebenzisi abatsha be-inhalants kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo phakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-12. Kulo babasebenzisi bexesha lokuqala, ngaphezu kweyesibini kubathathu (68.4%) baneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18, ngokweNational Uphando olwenziwe malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nempilo (NSDUH).
I-National Institute of Drug Abuse yoNgcaciso lweeNkcazo zeNkcazo ka-2011 iqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abancinci (abathathu abancinci) basebenzisa inhalants ngaphezu kwabantwana abadala (i-10 ne-12-graders), kodwa ukusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga kuye kwaye kwayeka kakhulu ukususela ngo-1990.
Ukongezelela, idatha evela kwiziko leSizwe eliPhezulu loTyhefu lubonisa ukuba iimeko ezingekho phantsi kweengxelo ezichazwe kwiindawo zokulawulwa ngetyhefu e-United States ziphantsi kwe-33% ukususela ngo-1993 ukuya ku-2008. Iingxelo zolawulo lobutyhefu zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kuphakathi kwe-12 ukuya kwe-17 ubudala. ubudala, eneminyaka eyi-14.
Idatha yokuLawiswa kwexesha elizayo ibonisa ukuba i-Hispanic ye-8 kunye ne-10-graders inamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana, xa kuthelekiswa nabamhlophe nabamnyama abathathu.
Kwiqela elidala lesi-8, i-8.6% yabamantombazana bayichaza ukusebenzisa i-inhalants ngokumalunga nama-5.5% amakhwenkwe, ngokubhekiselele kwi-Monitoring Future.
4 - Ziyisebenzisa njani i-Inhalants?
Ama-inhalants aphefumlelwe ngeempumlo okanye emlonyeni kwaye athatyathwa ngokukhawuleza egazini ngeemiphunga ezenza phantse phezulu.
Ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zibandakanya:
Ukuphosa okanye ukuphosa umphunga ovela kwiingxowa ezingenayo.
Ukutshiza i- aerosols ngqo kwimpumlo okanye emlonyeni.
Ukugqeba ngumkhwa wokugcoba i-fumes esuka kwiikhemikhali ezifuthwe okanye zifakwe kwiplastiki okanye kwiphepha lephepha.
Ukuqhaqhazela kwi-rag egxininiswe kwi-inhalants kwaye ibanjwe ebusweni okanye ifakwe emlonyeni.
Ukunyuselwa kwiibhaluni ezizaliswe nge-nitrous oxide.
Ayikho Indlela yokuSebenza ikhuselekile
Ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca i-inhalants zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuzama ukuwufihla umsebenzi.
Ngamanye amaxesha abasebenzisi baya kufaka i-inhalants kwiikholeji okanye kwimikhono yeekhati zabo, okanye kwezinye izinto zokugqoka ukuze bakwazi ukukhupha i-fumes esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
Ama-inhalants afakwa kwiiskoda ze-soda kwaye zifakwe kwi-can. Okanye zifakwe kwibhaluni. Ngamanye amaxesha bahlanjululwa ngaphakathi kwe-backsack. Ezinye izinto zesikolo ezifana nokulungiswa kwamachiza okanye iimpawu zamathiphu azivelayo, zingenza ukusetyenziswa kwazo kube lula ukuziguqula njengokusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
Akukho nenye yale ndlela ikhuselekile. Ukufaka i-inhalants kwizigulana ezinjengeenkomfa ze-soda, iplastiki okanye iibhegi ziyakwandisa imiphunga. Unyaka ngamnye abaninzi abantwana bayafa ngenxa yokuxhaphazwa okanye bangabikho kwemiphumo emibi yempilo kuquka ukulimala kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa kwemisipha kunye nokutshabalalisa intliziyo, igazi, iinjongo, isibindi kunye nomnatha wethambo.
ImiGqaliselo yeMigqaliselo emfutshane ingaba yingozi
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezi ngasentla zisetyenzisiweyo, i-inhalants ivelisa iziphumo ezinxilisayo kwiimitha zemizuzu ye-inhalation. Abasebenzisi banokukwazi ukuthetha intetho, ukunyanzeliswa okungahambelaniyo, ukulungelelanisa, ukuxakeka, ukuxhamla, ukunyaniseka kunye nokukhohlisa.
Enye yeengozi zokusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kubungqina bokuba iphakamileyo iphela nje imizuzu embalwa, ikhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba baphucule ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuzama ukugcina iimvakalelo. Ukuba ukuphindaphindiweyo kaninzi, ukuxilisa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo kunye nokufa.
Abasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo bavakalisa ukuziva bengavaliwe kwaye bangaphantsi kolawulo. Abasebenzisi abanobukhulu baya kuziva belele ngenxa yeeyure ezimbalwa emva koko kunye neentlungu ezidlulayo.
I-5 - I-Inhalants Inokuvelisa njani Imiphumo Yabo?
Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba ininzi i-inhalants ichaphazela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ukuba zivelise i-anesthetic yazo, izidakayo kunye nokuqiniswa kwazo.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimizi yechempi ekhutshwa, imiphumo iyahluka ngokubanzi-ezinye ziba njengezikhuthazo, kanti ezinye zizenza zizixinzelelo.
Xa ezinye iikhemikhali zinyanzeliswa, i-initially iyakwenza njengezinto ezikhuthazayo, kodwa njengemiphumo apho ikhona, ingqondo yomsebenzisi ingacindezeleka.
Uninzi lwama-inhalants luvelisa umonakalo ngokunyanzelisa i-system central nervous system. I-exception yi-nitrites, eyancipha kwaye ikhulule imithwalo yegazi endaweni yokwenza i-agent anesthetic.
Imiphumo kuphela yokugqibela iMaminithi ambalwa
"Abaphakamileyo" abasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo bafezekisa bahlala ixesha elifutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala imizuzu embalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kuya kubangela ukuba umsebenzisi ahlaziye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, oko kungabangela ukuba bahlaziye okanye bahlaziye. Abanye banenkathazo yokuhamba.
Abasebenzisi abaphindaphindiweyo bangaba nobudlova okanye baqale ukucima okanye bangadlula okanye bafe ngenxa yoko.
Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, uphando ngezilwanyana lubonisa ukuba ezininzi izilwanyana zinemiphumo efanayo neendlela zokuthatha isenzo kwezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo kwinkqubo yesantya, kubandakanya utywala , izidakamizwa kunye ne-anesthetics.
Olunye uphando lwezilwanyana lubonise ukuba i-toluene, isithako ezininzi kwi-inhalants of abuse, ivuselela inkqubo ye-dopamine kwingqondo ngendlela efana nayo yonke into ekujongene nazo zonke iziyobisi.
6 - Ziziphi iimpembelelo ezifutshane kunye nexesha elide lokusetyenziswa kwe-Inhalant?
Ukusetyenziswa okungasetyenziswayo kunokuvelisa imiphumo eyahlukeneyo kumsebenzisi oqala emva kwemizuzwana emva kokuba i-substance iphefumlelwe kwimiphunga.
Ekuqaleni, iziphumo zokusombulula ne-gas inhalants zingalingisa ukuxiliswa kotywala kunye nokuzixhalabisa okukhawuleza kulandelwa ukulala, ukunyaniseka, ukuphazamiseka, nokuphazamiseka. Ngokufuthwa kwexabiso elongezelelweyo lalo hlobo luyi-inhalants banokuvelisa i-aneshesia kwaye baholele ekungazi.
Iimiphumo zexesha elifutshane
Ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokwenza isisombululo okanye i-gas, i-inhalants ingavelisa iziphumo ezongezelelweyo, ezinokuquka:
- Ukunyaniseka
- Ukunganakwa
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle
- Isigwebo
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Utywala
- Ukulala
- Intetho edibeneyo
- Lethargy
- Iingcamango ezixinezelekileyo
- Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka
- Stupor
- Intloko
- Euphoria
- Ukungakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-inhalants angabangela ukudideka okanye i-delirium.
Iimpembelelo zamaNitrit
Ngokungafani nezixazululo kunye ne-gases, i-nitrites isebenza ngokuphucula imithana yegazi kunye nokuphucula i-muscle ehamba phambili kwiinqanawa. Imiphumo emfutshane yexesha le-nitrites ifaka:
- Injabulo
- Ukuvakalelwa kobushushu
- Ukuva
- Utywala
- Intloko
Iimiphumo zexesha elide ze-Inhalants
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimizi yechempi ekhutshwayo, i-inhalants inokuvelisa imiphumo eyahlukeneyo yexesha elide. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngokungaqhelekanga kunokubangelwa yingozi kwizitho ezibalulekileyo zomzimba. Ezinye zeziphumo ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa - kubandakanywa nesibindi kunye nomonakalo wezintso.
Kodwa ezinye iziphumo ezide zexesha elide lokusetyenziswa kakubi kakubi, ziquka ukulimala kwengqondo, umonakalo omkhulu wesantya, ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe, ukuphazamiseka kwemilenze kunye nomonakalo wentambo yomongo.
Ukuphuhlisa ukunyamezela kwi-Inhalants
Emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide lokungasebenzi, abahlukumezi babika isidingo esinamandla sokuqhubeka besisebenzisa. Abanye abasebenzisi bakhula ukunyamezela kwaye kufuneka banyuse inani lemali ekusebenziseni ukuphumeza imiphumo efanayo. Ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwexesha elide, abasebenzisi banokuhlakulela ukusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswa kwezidalwa ze-inhalants kwaye banokuvalelwa kwesifo sengqondo sokurhoxisa .
Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, uphando lubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi abangasebenziyo abaqala ukusetyenziswa koogwayi, utywala kunye nazo zonke ezinye iziyobisi ezincinci kunezo ezingazange zisebenzise i-inhalants.
Kwakhona, abasebenzisi bokuqala abangenako ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa , kuquka ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi zonyango, kunabanye abahlukumezi beziyobisi abangenayo imbali yokusetyenziswa kwe-inhalants.
7 - Ziziphi iziphumo zonyango zokungasebenzi kakubi?
Ngenxa yokuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezixhaphazwayo njengezithako, abasebenzisi banokubeka umngcipheko kuluhlu olude lwemiphumo yonyango. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweminye i-inhalants kunokubangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza nangemva kweseshoni esisondezayo.
"Ukukhwaza ngokukhawuleza ukufa" kuya kwenzeka kubasebenzisi abancinci abancinci ngokunciphisa izitho zentliziyo ezingavumelekanga kunye nokukhawuleza ezinokubangela ukuboshwa kwentliziyo. Oku kunokukwenzeka kwimizuzu yeseshoni esisodwa esilula, ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse Research.
Ukuqikelelwa kokufa kwabantu abayi-100-200 ngonyaka eUnited States zihambelane ngokungahambisani.
Ezinye izingozi ezibulalayo
Kukho ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa kakubi ukusetyenziswa kakubi komzimba, okuquka:
- I-Asphyxiation: I-fumes inhaled ingagxila kwimiphunga, ichithe i-oxygen efunekayo.
- Ukuxhatshazwa: Oku kunokwenzeka xa umsebenzisi ekhupha kwisigxobo seplastiki ebekwe phezu kwentloko.
- Ukuxubusha okanye ukuxhatshazwa: Izinto ezingenayo i-inhalants zingenza ukukhutshwa kwamandla kagesi okungavamile.
- I-Coma: Ukunquba kunokubangela ukuba ingqondo ivalwe phantse yonke imisebenzi yayo.
- Ukuqhawula: Abahlaseli babulawa ngokushushumbisa ukuhlanza kwabo emva kokukhwaza.
- Ukulimala Kokufa : Ukuxiliswa kwi-inhalants kungabangela izingozi ezibulalayo.
Uninzi lwe-Inhalants Liyingozi
Uphando lwe-NIDA lubonisa ukuba izinto ezininzi ezisetyenzisiweyo njengezifo ezinobungozi ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zihlala zingabonakaliyo zingabangela umonakalo kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yesifo. Izinto ezinjalo ezinjalo - i-toluene ne-naphthalene-zingabangela umonakalo kwiimbilini ze-nervous kunye ne-peripheral system ye-nervous efana nomonakalo obonwe nge-multiple sclerosis.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwexesha elingasetyenziswayo kungonakalisa indawo zeengqondo ezilawula ukuqonda, ukuhamba, umbono kunye nokuva. Abasebenzisi abangapheliyo banokukwazi ukuqonda okungaqhelekiyo okubangelwa ukukhubazeka kancinci kwimeko yokugula komzimba, ngokweNIDA.
Ingqondo ayiyena yodwa ilungu elingonakaliswayo. Izidumbu zitholakale zibutyhefu kakhulu entliziyweni, kwimiphunga, isibindi kunye neentso. Nangona ezinye zezi monakalo ubuncinane zibuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuba ngaba abasebenzisi bayeka ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-inhalants, ezinye iziphumo ziyakuthi zingenakwenzeka.
Inhaling While Pregnant
Uphando lwe-NIDA lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi komzimba xa ukhulelwe kungabangela ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuzala, ukungaqhelekanga kweziganeko ezingapheliyo, kunye nokulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kokungahambisani nokuziphatha phakathi kwezinye iziphumo.
Uphando lwezifundo lubonise ukuba abantwana basetyhini abasebenzisa kakubi i-inhalants ngexesha lokukhulelwa babengaphumeleli. Uphando, kodwa, aludibanisi nayiphi na inhalantsti kwiintsilelo ezithile zokuzalwa okanye iingxaki zophuhliso.
8 - Ziziphi iingozi ezizodwa zeNitrite Abusers?
Ingozi yokusebenzisa kakubi i-nitrites, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "poppers," ibangelwa ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ngokwazo kwakunye nokuziphatha okuhambisana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Imiphumo emibi eyaziwayo yokusetyenziswa okungagunyazisiyo kwe-nitrite inhalants kubandakanya isikhumba kunye ne-tracheobronchial irritation; inetyhefu edibeneyo yimiqathango ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypokinetic anoxia kunye ne-methemoglobinemia; kunye neengxaki ezihambelana negazi kunye nezitho zegazi.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-nitrites isetyenziswe ngabaselula kunye nabantu abadala ekuzameni ukwenza umsebenzi wesini kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwezi nxu lumene nokuziphatha okungaphephile kwesondo, okunokunyusa kakhulu ingozi yokuthengisa kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ezifana ne- HIV / AIDS kunye ne-hepatitis.
Ukongezelela, izifundo zezilwanyana ziye zabonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-nitrites kugxotha iiseli kwisistim somzimba somsebenzisi kwaye kuphazamise iindlela zomzimba zokulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngoko ke, abaphandi baye baphetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-nitrite kungaxhunyaniswa nokuphuhliswa nokuqhubeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezicubu.
Olunye uphando lwezilwanyana lufumanise ukuba nokuba nenani elincinci lokutyhila kwi-nitrite elibangela ukwanda kwenyuka ngokukhawuleza ekuphuculeni i-tumor nokukhula.
9 - Yintoni Ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kakubi?
Xa kuthelekiswa neziyobisi ezininzi ezingekho mthethweni, i-inhalants ixhatshazwa yipesenti encinci yabemi, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo kubalulekile phakathi kwabantwana abancinci.
Ngo-2010, bekuqikelelwa ukuba abalinganiselwa kuma-793,000 abasebenzisi abatsha be-inhalants kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo phakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-12. Kulo babasebenzisi bexesha lokuqala, ngaphezu kweyesibini kubathathu (68.4%) baneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18, ngokweNational Uphando olwenziwe malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nempilo (NSDUH).
I-National Institute of Drug Abuse yoNgcaciso lweeNkcazo zeNkcazo ka-2011 iqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abancinci (abathathu abancinci) basebenzisa inhalants ngaphezu kwabantwana abadala (i-10 ne-12-graders), kodwa ukusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga kuye kwaye kwayeka kakhulu ukususela ngo-1990.
Ukongezelela, idatha evela kwiziko leSizwe eliPhezulu loTyhefu lubonisa ukuba iimeko ezingekho phantsi kweengxelo ezichazwe kwiindawo zokulawulwa ngetyhefu e-United States ziphantsi kwe-33% ukususela ngo-1993 ukuya ku-2008. Iingxelo zolawulo lobutyhefu zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kuphakathi kwe-12 ukuya kwe-17 ubudala. ubudala, eneminyaka eyi-14.
Idatha yokuLawiswa kwexesha elizayo ibonisa ukuba i-Hispanic ye-8 kunye ne-10-graders inamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana, xa kuthelekiswa nabamhlophe nabamnyama abathathu.
Kwiqela elidala lesi-8, i-8.6% yabamantombazana bayichaza ukusebenzisa i-inhalants ngokumalunga nama-5.5% amakhwenkwe, ngokubhekiselele kwi-Monitoring Future.
10 Ngaba Ngaba Intombi ibandakanya iHuffing Inhalants?
Eyona nto, ipesenti ephakamileyo yamantombazana kunokuba amakhwenkwe asebenzise kakubi i-inhalants, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-huffing, ngokwezibalo zoburhulumente zakutsha. Kulinganiselwa ukuba izigidi ezili-1,1 abantwana abaneminyaka engama-12 ukuya kwe-17 basebenzisa izixhobo zokungena eziphezulu ukuze baphumelele kunye nepesenti ephakamileyo yamantombazana kunokuba amakhwenkwe ahlasele iimveliso zasemakhaya, kwaye aqala amancinane kunabo abesilisa. Ngo-2005, phantse ama-5% amantombazana asebenzisa inhalantshi kunyaka odlulileyo, ngelixa i-4.2% yabafana bebika ukukhathazeka.
> Imithombo:
> Ukusebenzisana kweMfundo yabathengi. ". Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi
> Ukusebenzisana kwemfundo yabathengi. Izingozi Neempembelelo zokuNqanda ukuShatshazwa kakubi
> Isizwe seSizwe sokuSetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. "Inhalants." Uchungechunge lweeNgxelo zoPhando olulungiswe ngoJulayi 2012
> Ubambiswano kwiDrugFree.org. "Inhalants." Isikhokelo seziyobisi .
> IKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabasebenzisi base-US. "Abazali Bakhokelela Ekukhuseleni Ukungasebenzi Ngokungabi Nakho" Izikhokelo Zokukhusela
> ILebhu yeSizwe leMatriki ka-US. "Ngama-inhalants." IiPediatrics & Health Health Februwari 2002.
> IYunivesithi yaseMaldinki kwisiGqeba soPhando lweZonyango. "Inhalants." Ulwazi lwezobisi
> I-Wood, R. "I-Toxicity Acute of Nitrite Inhalants" I-NIDA yophando lweeMographie Series 1988.