Inkxalabo yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle yimeko yempilo yengqondo apho umntu echithwa ngenxa yokwesaba ukugwetyiswa ngenyameko nokuvavanywa ngabanye. Umntu unokuba noloyiko lokuba neentloni okanye ukuhlazeka phambi kwabanye abantu ukuba baphephe iimeko ezininzi zoluntu. Njengengxaki yokuphazamiseka , ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yoluntu kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bomntu.
Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu kunye nokukhathazeka kweentlalo kubonakaliswe neempawu ezifanayo, ezifana nokuloyika okuqhubekayo, ukwesaba, kunye nokuvelelwa ngokomzimba, kuquka ukuthuthumela nokugubha . Nangona kunjalo, nganye yezi ngxaki zinesiseko esithile seendlela zokuxilonga ezenza izimo ezahlukileyo kunye ezicacileyo. Ukuze siqonde ngokucacileyo ukuxilongwa ngalunye ngokucacileyo, ezi ngxaki zifaniswa nemibandela emininzi.
1 - Ukwesaba nokugwema
Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu kungenzeka kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-agoraphobia, okanye ukwesaba ukufumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kwimeko evakalelwa kukuba kunzima okanye ukunyaniseka ngokomzimba ukuba ubaleke. Umntu onenkathazo yokuphazamiseka isoloko esaba izibonakaliso zesifo sokutya, ukukholelwa ukuba banokuba neyonyango engxaki. Ngexesha elide, umntu unokuziva ekhuselekile ngakumbi kulezi zihlaselo ngokuhlala kwiindawo ezithile okanye kwindawo ekhuselekile yokuzimela, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya ngasekhaya. I-Agoraphobia ikhula xa umntu engakwazi ukushiya le ndawo ephephile ngaphandle kokufumana ukwesaba okukhulu
Ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle iquka ukwesaba ukuba yiziko lokuqwalasela, ukugxekwa okanye ukuziphatha ngendlela eya kwenza iintloni phambi kwabanye. Uloyiko lokuthotywa kweentlanga kunye nokungazinzi ngokubanzi kwisetyenziselwano loluntu lunokuba lukhulu kangangokuba loo mntu unokuphephelela uninzi lwentsebenziswano yoluntu noluntu. Ukuphepha okunjalo kuyahlukana ne-agoraphobia, njengoko umntu echaphazelekayo ngokuhlolisiswa kwabanye kwaye kungekhona ngokuhlaselwa yintlanzi.
2 - Iimpawu
Ukuphazamiseka kwamanxeba kubonakaliswa nokuhlaselwa okuphazamisayo okuqhelekileyo kubambe ngaphandle kokulumkisa. Uninzi lweempawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo , njengokungquzulisa, ukuphefumula ubunzima, kunye neentliziyo zentlungu zingenza umntu abe nomuzwa wokuthi basengozini. Umntu unokukholelwa ukuba basengozini yokulahlekelwa ngumlawuli okanye ukunyuka.
Ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle ihlala iquka ezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki, kuquka ukujuluka okukhulu nokuthuthumela. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zimpawu ziza kuziswa kuphela xa zijongene okanye xa zicinga malunga nokusebenzisana koluntu kunye noluntu. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo ziquka ukuxhamla, ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha, ukuzithemba okuphantsi, kunye nokuphepha koqhagamshelwano loluntu.
3 - Intsebenziswano yeNtlalo
Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka badla ngokuba neentloni ngokuvumela abanye ukuba babone bahlaselwa. Umhlobo othembekileyo okanye ilungu losapho unokuncedisa owamthandayo ngeengxaki zokuphazamiseka. Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka ngokuqhelekileyo banandipha ukusebenzisana kwentlalo kwaye banokuzuza kakhulu kwinkxaso yentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi banamava ngenxa yokuzama ukugcina ingxolo yabo.
Abantu abaneengxaki zokuxhalaba ngokweentlalo nabo bafumana amazinga aphezulu enesizungu. Abantu abanjalo banokufuna ukusebenzisana nabanye, kodwa bafumane ukuxhalabisa kubangela ukuba kube nzima kakhulu. Abahlobo kunye nosapho baya kufuneka babe nesigulane ekuncedeni othandekayo ngengxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo .
4 - unyango
Abantu abaneengxaki zokuphazamiseka kaninzi bafuna unyango lweempawu zabo zomzimba, ezinokuquka iimvakalelo ezinoyikisayo, ezifana nokuphefumula okupheleleyo kunye nentliziyo yokugijima. Akuqhelekanga kumntu onenkathazo yokuphazamiseka ukuya eklasini yongxamiseko ngenxa yobungqina bemvakalelo yabo yomzimba. Ugqirha unokukwazi ukuba ngaba iimpawu zibangelwa yintlungu yesifo okanye imeko yonyango jikelele.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba iimpawu zabo aziqhelekanga njengengxaki ephazamisayo, abantu abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo badla ngokufuna uncedo lwezonyango kwiimeko zabo. Abantu abaninzi abanenkinga yokuxhalabisa abantu abaqondi ukuba banesimo sempilo yengqondo. Kungenzeka ukuba bakholwe ukuba banamahloni okanye banokungafihli. Ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwezentlalo kunye nokungabi nolwazi ngolwazi, abantu abaninzi abanenkinga yokuxhalabisa abantu abanokungafumani
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nokukhathazeka kweentlalo kungaphathwa kakuhle ngemichiza , njenge- SSRIs . Amachiza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwansuku zonke. I-Psychotherapy ingaba yinkathalo encedo kakhulu kubo bobabini kwezi ngxaki.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olubizwa ngokuba yi- cognitive-behavioral therapy lunokukunceda ekutshintsheni iindlela zokucinga kunye nokuziphatha okubi okuhambelana nemeko yabo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaneengxaki zokuphazamiseka bangafunda indlela yokucinga ngayo iimpawu zabo zomzimba njengemvakalelo yokuxhalabisa, kunokuba imeko yonyango isongela ubomi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokusebenza, ezi ngcamango zingamnceda umntu azive ekhululekile xa uhlaselo lwentlanzi luvela. Abantu abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo banokuhlakulela iindlela ezintsha zokucinga ngabo kunye nabanye abaya kubavumela ukuba bazive bezithembele kwiimeko zentlalo.
Nangona kungabonakaliyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumaneke ngezo zimbini iziphazamiso. Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu kunye nokukhathazeka kweentlalo zihlala zihamba kunye nesimo sengqondo okanye ingxaki yokuxhalaba, njengokuziphatha okugqithisileyo , ukuxinezeleka , okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokudandatheka . Abantu abaneenkathazo zesifo okanye ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo nabo banelungelo lokuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi .
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ufumene ukuxilongwa okufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo oluvela kubaqeqeshi abangaphatha ingxaki yokuphazamiseka okanye ezinye iingxaki zokuxhalabisa. Thetha ugqirha wakho wezonyango malunga nokuxilongwa kunye nonyango. Funa uncedo lwezobugcisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, njengoko unyango lunokunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu zeengxaki zokuxhalabisa.
Umthombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. "Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities of the Mind, 4th,." 2000 Washington, DC: Umbhali.