Iimpawu zokuxilongwa kweNgcaciso yeNgcaciso kunye neentloko zokuhlaselwa
Ukuphazamiseka kweengcambu kubalwa njengesifo sokuxhalabisa kwi-DSM-5. Ngokwezikhokelo, ukwenzela ukuba ufumane ingxaki yokuphazamiseka, kufuneka ufumane ukuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kokuphazamiseka rhoqo.
Yintoni enye eyenziwa ngu-DSM-5 malunga neengxaki zesifo? Ulutsha olutsha lwaluguqule njani indlela efunyenwe ngayo? Phakathi kokuhlaziywa kukucaciswa kwiintlobo zokuhlaselwa kweentlanzi kunye nendlela i- agoraphobia idibene ngayo neengxaki zesifo.
Yintoni i-DSM-5?
I- Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders (i-DSM-5) yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA) yinkqubo esetyenziswa eUnited States ukuxilonga izifo zempilo yengqondo. I-DSM iqulethe imilinganiselo yokuxilonga esetyenziswa ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo ukukhetha nokuchaza zonke izifo zengqondo.
Ukukhululwa kwe-DSM-5 ngowama-2013 kukuqala ukuhlaziywa okuphawulekayo ukususela ngo-1994. Kulo phephancwadi, kukho utshintsho olwenziweyo kwaye olu luquka ezinye iinguqulelo zokuxilongwa kwesifo sengxaki.
Le nkqubo ayinakuphikisana. Iziphazamiso ezininzi zinempawu ezigqithisileyo. Ezinye iingcali zibuza umgaqo wohlobo lohlelo lokwahlula, ngelixa abanye bacinga ukuba kukho ukuzithoba okukhulu kwisicelo sayo.
Nangona kukho ukukhutshwa, ukuxilongwa kudla ngokufunekayo kunyango, uphando kunye ne-inshuwalense. Iingcali ezininzi zivakalelwa kukuba le nkqubo ibhetele kakhulu kunokuba akukho nhlobo.
Indlela i-DSM-5 ichonga ngayo i-Panic Disorder
Inkqubo yokuxilonga ye-panic disorder ichazwe kwi-DSM-5. Ingxaki yokuxhalabisa ngokusekelwe ekuhlaselweni kweentlanzi, ezihlala ziphindaphindiweyo kwaye zisoloko zingalindelekanga.
Ukongezelela, ubuncinane ukuhlaselwa omnye kulandelwa inyanga enye okanye ngaphezulu komntu oyika ukuba baya kuba nokuhlaselwa okungakumbi.
Oku kubangela ukuba batshintshe ukuziphatha kwabo, okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukuphepha iingxaki ezinokubangela ukuhlaselwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuphazamiseka kufuneka kulawulwe ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiki okanye oko kuvakalelwa ngathi.
- Ukuhlaselwa akubangelwa yimpembelelo ebonakalayo yomzimba yento (njengokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye amayeza) okanye imeko yonyango jikelele.
- Ukuhlaselwa akulunge ngakumbi ngenxa yenye ingxaki yengqondo. Ezi zingabandakanya i-phobia yentlalo okanye enye i-phobia ethile , ingxaki yokunyanzelisa, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuhamba kwengxaki , okanye ukukhathazeka kokuxhalabisa
Ukuchaza ukuhlaselwa kwePanic nge-DSM-5
Ekubeni ukuhlaselwa kweengcipheko kubalulekile ekuphazamiseni ukuphazamiseka kwezifo, zichazwe kakuhle kwaye zichazwe kakuhle. Yilapho ukuhlaziywa kwi-DSM-5 kubalulekile. Uhlobo oludlulileyo luchaza ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiki kwiintlobo ezintathu: iimeko ezibophekileyo / ezikhunjini, ezixhomekeke kwiimeko, okanye ezingalindelekanga / ezingenakulindelwa. I-DSM-5 yenza lula ibe ngamacandelo amabini acacileyo: kulindeleke kwaye kungalindelekanga.
Ukulindelwa kwe-panic kulwabo badibana noloyiko oluthile olufana nelokuhamba. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic okungalindelekanga akubonakalwanga okanye kuyabonakala, kwaye kunokubonakala ngathi kuvela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-5, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic kubonakala yimine okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Iipilpitations, intliziyo ephazamisayo, okanye isantya senhliziyo esheshayo
- Ukuxela
- Ukuthuthumela okanye ukuthuthumela
- Ukujonga ukuphefumula okanye ukuphefumula
- Isiva sokubamba
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungahambi kakuhle
- Ukukhathazeka okanye isisu esiswini
- Ukuziva uhlaziyiweyo, ukungaqiniseki, ukukhawuleza, okanye ukuphelelwa amandla
- Imvakalelo engabonakaliyo (ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi) okanye ukuxhomekeka kwi-yourself (ukuxhomekeka komntu)
- Uloyiko lokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa okanye ukuphosa
- Ukoyika ukufa
- Ubungqingili okanye ukuvuthwa kwamanzi (paresthesias)
- Izilwanyana okanye iimpuphu ezishisayo
Ubukho bezinto ezingaphantsi kwezine kwezi zingentla zibonakaliswa njengento engabonakali-ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic.
I-Agoraphobia Ngoku ibeka Yodwa
Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-DSM, i-agoraphobia yayidibene neengxaki zesifo. Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-DSM-5, ngoku i-diagnostic ehlukeneyo kunye nekhowudi. Le ngenye yezona ntlukwano ezinkulu kwiimbuyekezo.
Ngaphakathi kokuhlaziywa kwi-agoraphobia, iDSM-5 ichaza ukuba umntu kufuneka abe noloyiko olukhulu okanye uxhalabisayo ubuncinane kwiimeko ezimbini. Ezi ziquka ukuphuma ngaphandle, kwindawo evulekile, nakwizihlwele, ngokubhekiselele naphi na apho ungaphandle kwekhaya.
Kwakhona ibhala ukuba iimpawu zokuphepha kufuneka ziboniswe. Ezi zibangelwa ukwesaba ukuba kwiimeko ezinokubangela ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiki okanye ukuxhalabisa apho uncedo olungenakufumaneka okanye ukuba kunzima ukubaleka.
Umqeqeshi kuphela onokuyicinga ukuphazamiseka kweengxaki
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka zingasilinganisa ezinye iingxaki zokukhathazeka kunye / okanye iimeko zonyango. Ugqirha wakho okanye umqeqeshi wezempilo yengqondo unokufumana ingxaki yokuphazamiseka.
Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities. 5. Washington, DC: 2013.