Ingxaki yokuHlahlazeka kunye ne-DSM-5
Inkqubo entsha ye- DSM iquka utshintsho kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga kwiimeko ezininzi zempilo yengqondo. Ezi zihlengahlengiso ngoku ziguqula indlela izifo ezihlukeneyo zidibene ngayo kwaye zixilongwa. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza i-DSM-5 kunye noshintsho lwangoku oluye lwavela kwi-diagnosis ye-panic disorder, i- panic attack , kunye ne-agoraphobia.
Yintoni i-DSM?
Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities of Mind, okanye i-DSM, yincwadi epapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA) yokusetyenziswa kweengxaki zokugula ngengqondo.
I-DSM iqulethe zonke iinkqubo zokuxilonga kuzo zonke izifo zengqondo, zinike igama lokuba "iBhayibhile" yokuxilongwa kwempilo yengqondo.
I-DSM-5 ibonisa ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kwencwadi yokuqala kusukela ngowe-1994. Ngolu hlobo olutsha, kuye kwaba utshintsho oluninzi olwenziweyo kwimpilo yengqondo yokuxilongwa, kubandakanywa iziphazamiso ezingekhoyo kwaye zishiywa. Kwaye, ezininzi izilungiso zenziwe kwiinkqubo zokuxilongwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwamanxeba ngenye yeengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezitshintshile kule nguqulo yakamuva ye-DSM.
Utshintsho kwiNgcaciso yeNgxaki yokuHlabathi
Utshintsho oluphawulekayo oluye lwafunyanwa ekuxilongeni kweengxaki zentlungu yindlela ekhoyo ngayo ngoku ngokumalunga ne-agoraphobia. Kwiphephancwadi yokugqibela ye-DSM, ukuphazamiseka kwentsholongwane kwafunyaniswa njengokuba kwenzeka okanye ngaphandle kwe-agoraphobia. Kwi-DSM-5 entsha, i-panic disorder kunye ne-agoraphobia ziza kubalwa njengeengxaki ezihlukeneyo zempilo ezahlukileyo kwaye zodwa.
Olunye utshintsho olongezelelweyo luye lwavela kwiintlobo zokuhlaselwa kweentlanzi ezichazwe kwi-DSM.
Ukuphazamiseka Kwentlungu. Ukuphazamiseka kwamanxeba kuye kwahlulwa njengesifo sokuxhalabisa kunye nesimboso esona siba ngamava okuqhubekayo kwaye ngokungaqhelekanga ukuhlaselwa kwesifo. Inkqubo yokuxilonga ichaza ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kuphawulwe ngoloyiko lokuqhubeka nokuhlaselwa, ukutshintshwa kweziphatho zomntu ukuphepha ukuhlaselwa, okanye zombini le micimbi ubuncinane inyanga enye.
Iinjongo zokuhlaselwa. Inkqubo edlulileyo ye-DSM yahlula iintlobo zokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki njengenye yezintlu zintathu: ukubophelwa kwimeko / ukukhutshwa, ngokusemthethweni, okanye kungalindelekanga. I-DSM-5 isusile enye yale ngxaki kwaye yenza lula ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic njengoko ifaneleka kwiintlobo ezimbini ezilula: kulindelwe okanye kungalindelekanga.
Ukulindeleka kwe-panic kuhlasela yiyo eyenzeka ngenxa yoloyiko oluthile, olufana nomntu xa esaba ukuphaphazela kwaye ehlaselwa yintlanzi xa ephaphaza . Ukuhlaselwa okungalindelekanga kwenzelwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ngaphandle kwe-bluhlaza kungekho naluphi lwangaphandle oluza kuhlasela. Ezi zihlaselo ezingalindelekanga ziyinxalenye ephawulekayo yokuphazamiseka kwesifo.
Agoraphobia. Kulo mbhalo ohlaziyiweyo we-DSM, i- agoraphobia ngoku ixhomekeke kwintlungu yokuphazamiseka njengengxaki yokuhlula. Iimpawu zokuxilongwa kwe-agoraphobia ngoku ziquka amava oloyiko okanye ubunxunguba ubuncinane kwiimeko ezimbini ze-agoraphobic, ezifana nokuba ngaphandle kwekhaya yedwa, ukuhamba kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke (okt, iibhasi, iibhasi, ngaphantsi, njl), iindawo ezivulekileyo, indawo ( izitolo, iithala, okanye iidemesi), izihlwele okanye ukuma emgceni nabanye abantu, okanye ukudibanisa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ziganeko.
Ukufunyaniswa ukuba ne-agoraphobia, umntu uya kufuneka kwakhona abonise iimpawu zokuphepha . Ezi ziphepheko zivela kwesoyiko lokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene noxinzelelo kwiimeko apho kuya kuba nzima ukubaleka okanye akukho ncedo luya kufumaneka. I-Agoraphobics inokuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo, njengoko le micimbi ikhupha ngamandla kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi.
I-DSM-5 Impikiswano
Uninzi lweengcali zempilo yengqondo lubonakalisa ukungoneleliseki ngenguqu ezenzeke kwi-DSM. Iziphazamiso ezingeziwe, kubandakanya ukuxilongwa kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo engathi ingabandakanywa ukubandakanya ukuxutha komsindo, ukutshajaza ukugembula kunye nokugada - kunye nokukhutshwa kwezifo ezithile, ezifana ne-Asperger disorder - sele idibene nenkcaso.
Iingcali ezininzi ziye zangena phambili zibonisa ukuxhalabisa ukuba utshintsho lwama-DSM-5 alukho ubungqina obunelululwazi obuchanekileyo kwaye lunokuba negalelo ekugqibeleni ukuxilongwa kwabathengi.
Ezinye iingcali zempilo yengqondo zikhusela i-DSM-5, zixela ukuba ezi zinguqu zinokunceda abathengi abaninzi bafumane unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango abayidingayo. Ngokomzekelo, oogqirha abaphatha ingxaki yesifo kunye nabaphandi abaye bafunda le meko baye bafumanisa ukuba abathengi banokufumana i-agoraphobia ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesifo. Ukwahlula phakathi kwenkathazo yesifo kunye ne-agoraphobia kunokubanceda abo banezimo bafumana uncedo oluncedo kakhulu kunye nonyango oluza kubhekiswa kwimeko nganye ekhethekileyo.
Imithombo:
Umbutho we-Psychiatric Association (2013). I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (5th ed.). "Washington, DC: Umbhali.
I-American Psychiatric Association I-Website yeNtuthuko ye-DSM-5: http://www.dsm5.org