Kwixesha elidlulileyo, umlutha wacatshulwa ngenxa yokungeniswa kwesilwanyana "somlingo", njenge heroin okanye utywala . Ezi zinto zacatshangelwa ukuba zinegunya elimalunga nemilingo, linika umsebenzisi amandla phezu kokusetyenziswa kwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko kunye neemeko ezinjengexinzelelo olufunyanwa ngumsebenzisi. Inkcazo ye- DSM-IV yokuxhomekeka kwezinto ezixhomekeke kwizinto ezibonakalayo eziphathekayo kwezi zinto, kunye neenkqubo zokunyamezela kunye nokuhoxiswa njengento ephambili yokuxhatshazwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngowe-1970, uphando luye lwaqala ukuvelisa udweba umfanekiso ohlukileyo woxinzelelo kunye nokulutha. Akukona nje kuphela ukuba kucacile ukuba abanye abantu abathatha izinto "eziluthayo" ababa ngumlutha, kodwa kunye nokuziphatha okubonakalayo okunobunzima, kungabandakanywa izinto zokungenisa izinto, baye baqala ukubonwa njengomlutha, kubandakanywa ingxaki yokugembula , ukuthengiswa kweengcingo, ukulutha kokutya , ikhompyutha umlutha, kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini . Kwaye ngakumbi nangaphezulu, ukusekwa nokubeka kunye neminye imiba engqinelana nayo, njengobunzima obujamelana nomntu othabatha inkunkuma okanye ukubandakanya ukuziphatha komlingo, kubonwa njengokuba nefuthe ukuba ngaba abantu ababa ngumlutha. Oku kufumanisa oku kutshanje kuboniswe kwi- DSM-V .
Isilwanyana sibonakala sizama ukujongana noxinzelelo ngendlela engakhange iphumelele yona. Ngelixa unako ukufumana uxolo loxinzelelo lwesikhashana kwi-drug or behavior you become addicted, ukuba uncedo luhlala ixesha elifutshane, ngoko ufuna enye ukuze uqhubeke nokujamelana noxinzelelo.
Kwaye ngenxa yokuba izilingo ezininzi zizisa ukuxinezeleka ngakumbi, njengempawu zokuhoxiswa xa izidakamizwa zigqithiseleyo, kodwa kuninzi into enomlutha okanye ukuziphatha okufunekayo ukuze ubhekane noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo olubandakanyekayo.
Kulo mbono, kucacile ukuba abanye abantu basengozini kakhulu kwizidakamizwa kunabanye, nje ngokubaluleka kobomi babo.
Ngokomzekelo, ngoku kukho uqhagamshelwano olumiselweyo phakathi kokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana, nokuba ngabaxhatshazwa ngokomzimba , ngokomzwelo okanye ngokwesondo , kunye nokuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo kwiziyobisi kunye nokuziphatha. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kukuxinzeleleke kakhulu kumntwana, kodwa kuyaqhubeka kubangela iingxaki njengoko umntwana ekhulela kumntu omdala, eneengxaki ezinokubambisana kunye nokuzihlonela . Akuyena wonke umntu olwaxhatshazwayo xa umntwana ehlawula umlutha, kwaye akuwona wonke umntu onomlutha owaxhatshazwayo ebuntwaneni - kodwa ukukhuseleka kwabasindayo bokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ekugqithiseni kamva ngumzekelo ocacileyo woxhulumaniso phakathi kokuxinzelela kunye nokulutha.
Nangona ukuxinezeleka, ngokwakho, kungabangela ukuba umlutha - uninzi lwabantu luphantsi kwengcinezelo, kwaye ungabi ngumlutha, ngokuqinisekileyo unendima ebalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Ukuqwalaselwa kwendima yoxinzelelo ekukhuseleni umlutha, kunye nokubaluleka kokulawulwa koxinzelelo ekukhuseleni nasekuphephiseni umlutha, kubalulekile ekuncedeni abantu ukuba bagweme ukubandezeleka okubangelwa ngumlutha, kokubili kwabo bachaphazelekayo kunye nabathandekayo babo . Isayithi lethu loxinzelelo linika izicwangciso ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukukunikwa ngeendlela eziphilileyo zokujongana noxinzelelo, nokuba ngaba awuzange ukhulise umlutha.
Kwaye akunakuqala ukufundisa abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci abanezakhono zokulawula uxinzelelo, ngoko bancinci ukuba babe ngumlutha kwindawo yokuqala.
> Imithombo:
> UKornelius, J., Kirisci, L., Reynolds, M., & Tarter, R. "Ngaba uxinzelelo phakathi kokuphuhliswa kokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa phakathi kolutsha oluguqula ukukhula kwabantu abadala?" I-American Journal yeDrug & Alcohol Abuse Abuse . 40: 3, 225-229. 2014.
> I-Koob, G. "Ukutshabalalisa ngumonakalo womvuzo kunye nokuxinzezeleka kwengxaki." Imida ye-Psychiatry , 4, uAgasti 1, 2013.
> Sinha, R. & Jastreboff, A. "Ugxininiso njengengozi ebangela ukukhuluphala nokulutha." I-Psychiatry Biological , 73: 9, 827-835. 2013.
> Schwabe, L., uDickinson, A., & Wolf, O. "Ukuxinezeleka, imikhwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: I-psychoneuroendocrinological perspective." I-Psychopharmacology ye-Psychopharmacology ye-Extenimental and Clinic 19 (1), 53-63. 2011.