Ukwazisa ngethuba elibhekiselele kwinkqubo yengqondo echaphazelekayo ekufumaneni ulwazi nokuqonda. Ezi nkqubo ziquka ukucinga, ukwazi, ukukhumbula, ukugweba nokuxazulula iingxaki . Le mi sebenzi ephezulu yeengqondo kwaye iquka ulwimi, ukucinga, ukuqonda kunye nokucwangcisa.
Imbali emfutshane yeSifundo soCognition
Ukufunda indlela esicinga ngayo ibuyele kwixesha lamafilosofi yakudala aseGrike uPlato noAristotle.
Indlela yePlato ekufundeni kwengqondo iphakanyiswe ukuba abantu baqonde ihlabathi ngokuqala ukucacisa imigaqo-siseko eyangcwatyelwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kunye nokusebenzisa ingqiqo yokudala ulwazi. Le ngcamango yagqitywa kamva ngabafilosofi njengoRene Descartes kunye neelwimi zikaNoam Chomsky. Le ndlela yokwazisa idlalwa ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yokuqonda.
U-Aristotle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bafumana ulwazi lwabo ngokujonga kwabo ihlabathi elibajikelezile. Kamva iingcamango ezibandakanya uJohn Locke noBF Skinner baxhasa le ngcamango, edlalwa ngokuba yi-empiricism.
Ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala zengqondo kunye nesahlulo sokuqala senkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, i-psychology yayininzi ilawulwa yi- psychoanalysis , i- behaviorism , ne- humanism . Ekugqibeleni, isifundo esisemthethweni sokufundiswa esinikele kuphela ekufundeni ukuqonda kwavela njengengxenye ye "inguqulelo yengqondo" yama-1960.
Intsimi yeengqondo ezithintekayo ekufundeni ukuqonda iyaziwa njengeengqondo zengqondo.
Enye yeenkcazo zokuqala zokunikwa kwengqalelo zinikezelwe kwincwadi yokuqala yokufunda ngengqondo epapashwe ngo-1967. Ngokwe-Neisser, ukuqonda "yile nkqubo eyenziwa ngoluvo lwengqondo, lucitshulwe, lucacisiwe, lugcinwe, luphinde lusetyenziswe."
Ukuze ufumane ingcamango engcono yintoni na ukuqonda kunye nantoni na iingcali zeengqondo ezifundayo, makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwiNkcazelo yeNtser yasekuqaleni.
Ukutshintshwa kokungena kweSenisi
Njengoko uthabathela kwihlabathi elikujikelezile, ulwazi olubonayo, ukuva, ukunambitha kunye nokuvumba kufuneka kuqala liguqulwe zibe ziimpawu ezingqondweni zakho. Inkqubo yokuqonda ikuvumela ukuba uthathe ulwazi olusisiseko kwaye uluguqulele kwisiginali ukuba ingqondo yakho ingaqonda kwaye yenza okuthile. Umzekelo, ukuba ubona into ejikelezayo emoyeni kuwe, ulwazi lwenziwa ngamehlo akho kwaye ludluliselwa njengesigxina se-neural kwengqondo yakho. Ingqondo yakho iyathumela iimpawu zakho kumaqela omzimba ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula kwaye udike ngaphandle kwendlela ngaphambi kokuba into ikubethe entloko.
Ukunciphisa ulwazi olusisiseko
Ihlabathi ukuba ligcwele inani elingenamkhawulo lokufumana amava. Ukwenza intsingiselo kuzo zonke ezi ngcaciso engenayo, kubalulekile ukuba ubuchopho bakho bukwazi ukunciphisa amava akho kwihlabathi ukuya kwizinto ezisisiseko. Awukwazi ukuza okanye ukhumbule ngasinye isivakalisi esisodwa senkulumo yeengqondo oya kuzo nganye iveki. Endaweni yoko, amava omcimbi wehliswa ukuya kwiingcamango eziphambili kunye neengcamango ofuna ukuzikhumbula ukuphumelela kwiklasi lakho.
Esikhundleni sokukhumbula yonke into malunga nento leyo uprofesa ayenxiba ngayo imihla ngemihla, apho uhleli khona kwiseseshoni nganye yeklasi kwaye bangaphi abafundi abahlala eklasini, ugxininisa ingqalelo yakho kunye nememori kwiingcamango eziphambili ezifundiswe kwintetho nganye.
Ukwazisa ulwazi
Ukongezelela ekunciphiseni ulwazi ukwenzela ukuba lukhumbuleke kwaye luqondakala, abantu baqulunqa kule mi memori njengoko beyakha kabusha. Khawucinge ukuba uxelela umhlobo malunga nesiganeko esimnandi esenzeke ngeveki eveleleyo. Njengoko uvula iindaba zakho, unokwenza uqale ukongeza kwiinkcukacha ezingengenxalenye yememori yangaphambili.
Oku kungenzeka kwakhona njengoko uzama ukukhumbula izinto kwiluhlu lwakho lokuthenga. Unokufumana ukuba ungeze inani lezinto ezibonakala ngathi zingabaluhlu lwakho ngenxa yokufana kwazo nezinye izinto ofuna ukuzithenga. Kwezinye iimeko, oku kulungiswa xa kwenzeka abantu bekhunjulwa ukukhumbula into ethile. Xa ulwazi alukwazi ukukhunjulwa, ingqondo ngezinye izihlandlo igcwalisa idatha elahlekileyo nayo nayiphi na into ibonakala ifanelekile.
Ukugcina nokufumana ulwazi
Inkumbulo iyona nto inomdla umdla kummandla weengqondo zengqondo. Indlela esiyikhumbulayo, into esiyayikhumbulayo noko sikulibalayo ibonakalisa into eninzi malunga nendlela iinkqubo zokuqonda ezisebenza ngayo. Nangona abantu bahlala becinga imemori njengefana nekhamera yevidiyo, ukurekhoda ngokucophelela kunye nokukhathala imicimbi yezobomi nokuyigcina ukuze ikhumbule kamva, uphando lufumene ukuba imemori inzima kakhulu.
Imemori yexesha elifutshane imangalisekile imfutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo ihlala imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30. Imemori yexesha elide inokumangalisa kwaye ikhuthaze, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeemkumbulo ezihlala ixesha elide kunye namashumi eminyaka. Imemori ingaba yinto emangalisayo yomelelekile kwaye iphosakele. Ngamanye amaxesha siyakulibala, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha siyaxhomekeke kwimiphumo engachangekanga engakhokelela ekubunjweni kweenkolelo zamanga .
Benzisa ulwazi
Ukwaziswa akubandakanyi nje kuphela izinto eziqhubekayo ngaphakathi kweentloko zethu kodwa nendlela ezi ngcamango neenkqubo zengqondo zithonya ngayo izenzo zethu. Ingqalelo yethu kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo, izikhumbuzo zeemeko ezidlulileyo, ukuqonda ulwimi, izigwebo malunga nendlela umhlaba usebenza ngayo, kunye nokukwazi ukulungisa iingxaki zonke ezifaka isandla kwiindlela esiziphethe ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nendawo esikuyo.
Imithombo:
Neisser, U. (1967). Psychology Cognitive. Englewood Cliffs: I-Prentice-Hall.
Revlin, R. (2013). Ukuqonda: Inkolelo kunye nokuSebenza. IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo.