Ngeliphi iphuba ebomini bakho ngabahlukeneyo amandla engqondo? Ezinye zeemvavanyo zokuqala zengqondo zihlukaniswe bonke abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-16 nje ngokuba "abadala." Namhlanje, abaphandi bayaqaphela ukuba ingqondo iyaqhubeka ikhula kwaye ishintshe ukususela kumdala kwaye kukho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kwindlela ubuchopho busebenza ngayo njengabantu abadala.
Sekunjalo, sivame ukucinga ngongqondo omdala njengento eqinile kwaye ingatshintshiyo, ebonisa ukuba izakhono ezahlukeneyo zengqondo zimila, okanye nakwehla, kwiindawo ezininzi zabantu abadala.
Iingcamango eziqhelekileyo malunga nobuqhetseba zivame ukubonisa ukuba abantu baxabisa ingqondo yabo ebusweni bentsapho, kwaye emva koko bahamba ngokukhawuleza, ukuhla kwexesha elide ukuya kwiminyaka yobudala.
Kukho ukuthambekela kokukholelwa ukuba ezinye iingqondo zengqondo, ezinjengeengqondo eziqhekezayo , ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphakama ngokukhawuleza ekudala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- Crystallized intelligence , ihlala iphakanyiswa ukuba iphakame xa ikhulile.
Ngokwezinye iingcaphephe, le dichotomy ehlala ixesha elide ingase ibe lula kakhulu. Abaphandi bakaJoshuwa uHartshorne noLaura Germine basebenzisa iplanzi enkulu yabathathi-nxaxheba kwi-intanethi ukuba baqoke ulwazi malunga nantoni na emininzi eminye ingqondo engundoqo. Oko bakufumanisa kukuba kwakukho ukumangalisa kokumangalisa xa ubuchule obuthile buba khona.
Amanye Amakhono Eengqondo Aphakame Kakhulu Kwiminyaka Kamva
Ngokwalowo uphando opapashwe kwiphephancwadi ye- Psychological Science , iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobunzima bobuchwephesha obudala kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo, ngamanqanaba athile abetha i-pepe ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40.
"Kunoma yiphina ubudala, ulunge kwizinto ezithile, uhamba ngakumbi kwezinye izinto, kwaye uhlala kwinqanaba kwezinye izinto. Mhlawumbi akukho nanye ubudala apho ukhulula kwizinto ezininzi, ngaphantsi kwazo zonke, "kuchaza umphandi uJoshua Hartshorne we-MIT kunye nomnye wabalobi bokufunda.
UHartshorne wayefumene ngaphambili ukuba imemori yesikhashana ebonakalayo ihamba phakathi kwe-30s phambi kokuqala ukuhla. Ngophando luka-2011, iJalimane yafumanisa ukuba ubuchule bokubona ubuso buye buphucule kuze kube yilapho abantu basekuqaleni kwe-30s kwaye baqala ukuhla kancane.
Ukumba ngokugqithiseleyo, bobabini baqala ukukhangela idatha yolondolozo kwiimvavanyo zakudala zengqondo. Oko bakufumanisa kukuba kubonakala kungabikho nto engqondweni. Esikhundleni saloo, ubuchule obuhlukile babonakala bukhulu kwiimeko ezahlukileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amangalisayo. Ezi ziphumo zanceda ekukhuthazeni uphando oluthe xaxa malunga nendlela amandla engqondo aguquka ngayo ubudala.
Iimpawu ze-Intanethi ezinkulu zibukelele ngokukodwa kwiiNgqondo zobuchule
Uphononongo olutshanje lwakwazi ukudweba kwisampuli enkulu yabathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa iiwebsite.comwithwords.org kunye testmybrain.org. Ukusebenzisa indlela, abaphandi bakwazi ukuqokelela idatha esuka kuma-50,000 abantu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo. Imisebenzi emine eyahlukeneyo yemisebenzi yolwazi yayisetyenziswe kunye nomsebenzi owodwa owawujonga ukukwazi ukufumana amazwi angokomzwelo kwabanye abantu. I-Hartshorne kunye noPhando lwe-Germine ngaphambili babonise ukuba le mi sebenzi ilinganiswe ngokwazi kwengqondo eguqukayo njengoko abantu bebudala.
Iziphumo zachaza oko abaphandi babibiza ngokuthi "i-heterogeneity eninzi xa iqondo lokuqonda lithatha."
Ngaba Iinjongo Zengqondo Zengakanani?
Phakathi kweziphumo eziphambili ezifunyenweyo kuphando olutsha kunye nophando olwangaphambili:
- 18-19: I-speed-processing processing speed is climbing early, ngoko nangoko iqala ukuhla.
- 25: Imemori yesikhashana esifutshane iyaba ngcono kuze kube seminyaka yobudala engama-25. Ihlala ihleli kakuhle kwaye iqala ukuhla kwe-35 ubudala.
- 30: Inkumbulo ebusweni iphakame kwaye iqala ukuhla kancane.
- 35: Imemori yakho yexesha elifutshane iqala ukuba buthathaka kwaye iyancipha.
- 40s-50s: Ukuqonda ngokwengqondo kuphakama phakathi komntu omdala.
- Ii-60s: Iigama zamagama ziyaqhubeka zanda.
- Ii-60s kunye nee-70s: I- intelligstalised intelligence, okanye ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye neenyaniso malunga nehlabathi, iphakame ekupheleni komsebenzi.
Ngelixa iziphumo ezifake ukukhanya kweengcaphephe ekugqibeleni ebomini zihambelana nokufunyaniswa kwangaphambili, esi sifundo sichaza ukuba le ntlanzi ibonakala kamva kwimpilo kunokuba ikholwa ngaphambili. Yintoni enokuyichaza le ntsiphelo ekupheleni kweengqondo? Umphandi ubonisa ukuba iziphumo zazo zibangelwa ngenxa yokuba abantu namhlanje banemfundo emininzi, ukufikelela okukhulu kolwazi, kunye nemisebenzi efuna ukucinga ngokweenkokheli zabantu abadala.
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba nangona ubuchopho balukhulile benokuthi bube buthathaka, banokuthi banokuchaneka ngakumbi, banolwazi, kwaye banokukwazi ukuvavanya iimvakalelo kunye namazwi anomzwelo kwabanye.
Abaphandi baqhubeka nophando lwabo lwe-intanethi ngokuzisa imisebenzi engaphezulu kwengqiqo kunye neemvavanyo ezenzelwe ukulinganisa ubuchule beelwimi, umsebenzi olawulayo, kunye nolwazi lwezentlalo noluntu. Bavuma ukuba kukho uphando olongezelelweyo ukuze kuchaneke ukuba kutheni amandla engqondo aphakame kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo.
"Sithatha iingcamango ezikhoyo ezapho kwaye zibonisa ukuba zonke ziphosakeleyo. Umbuzo ngoku: Yintoni efanelekileyo? Ukuze sifumane impendulo, siya kufuneka siqhube izifundo ezininzi kwaye siqokelele inkcukacha ezininzi, "kusho uHartshorne.
Iingxelo:
Hartshorne, JK, & Germine, LT (2015). Kuphi ixesha lokusebenza kwengcamango? Ukunyuka kwama-asynchronous kunye nokuwa kwamakhono ahlukeneyo okuqonda kunye nokuphila. I-Psychological Science, i-doi: 10.1177 / 0956797614567339.
Trafton, A. (2015, Matshi 6). Ukunyuka nokuwa kwamakhono okuqonda: Iingcali ze-neuro zifumanisa ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zihlukeneyo. Iindaba zeMIT. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/brain-peaks-at-different-ages-306