Isifo se-dysmorphic disorder (BDD) sisifo sengqondo sokuxilongwa kwengqondo esibhekisela ekukhathaleleni okungenakulungileyo nokugqithiseleyo ngokubonakala komzimba. Xa umntu onesimo somzimba ophosakeleyo uya kugxininisa kwisimo somzimba okanye ubungakanani bomzimba, abo banendawo yokugula ngengxaki yomzimba kakhulu kugxininisa kwinqanaba elithile lomzimba okanye isici somzimba wabo.
Iingcamango zabo zangasese zephandle kwaye ziba nzima, zihlala zichitha iingcamango zabo kwaye zibonisa ingxaki kwimpilo yabo jikelele kunye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke. Nangona ugxininiso olugqithiseleyo kunye nengqwalasela ingaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, iimpawu okanye iimpawu, ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Izinwele
- Iphunga okanye ezinye izinto zobuso
- Esifubeni
- Genitalia
- Ubungqina okanye ubungakanani bendima yomzimba
- Isimiso (iinwele, iimpawu zobuso, iinxalenye zomzimba)
Abaninzi bethu banemihlaba yomzimba esinokuyiphucula, kodwa iingcamango zethu malunga nale nto ayisoloko ziphikelela kwaye zincinci , nto leyo eyona nto iqhosha phakathi kokukhathazeka komzimba jikelele kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-BDD. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba, nge-BDD, uhlala uxakeke ngephutha okanye impawu engabonakaliyo, nokuba akukho nto. Izixhobo abanye abanokuzibona njengento yokungapheleli okanye ukuphazamiseka (okanye angaboni nantoni na) zidla kwaye zingenakuze zinyameke, kwinqanaba lokusongela umgangatho wobomi.
Ngubani oza kufikelela kwi-Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
I-BDD icetyiswa ukuba ibe nefuthe malunga nomntu omnye kuma-50 phakathi kwabantu bonke, okuya kufana nokulingana nabantu abayizigidi ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7.5 e-United States kuphela. I-BDD ibonakala ichaphazela amadoda nabasetyhini ngokulinganayo, ngama-2.5 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini kunye nama-2.2 ekhulwini lamadoda aboniswe njengaleyo le ngxaki.
Nangona i-BDD ingabonakalisa abantu nangaliphi na ubudala, abaninzi baqala ukubonisa iimpawu kunye neziphathamandla zesifo esiphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 okanye eli-13 ubudala. Akukho nto ebangelwa yi-BDD. Le ngxaki ichazwa ukuba ifuthe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokusebenzisana kwezentlalo kunye nokuzibandakanya, ukuxhomekeka kwemfuza, okanye isiganeko esishukumisayo.
Imiqondiso yeCandelo leDysmorphic Disorder
Ukuba ujongene ne-BDD, usenokuhlala uchitheka ngeengcamango ezingapheliyo kunye eziqhubekayo ezinxulumene nomzimba emzimbeni wakho, njengombala, impawu, okanye i-defect. Iingcamango zingabonakalisa naliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kwaye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uzama kangakanani, mhlawumbi unobunzima bokumisa okanye ukuguqula iingcamango zakho malunga nokukhathazeka kwangokwenyama. Ngenxa yokuphikelela kwezi ngcamango, kunokwenzeka ukuba uzive uphazanyiswa okukhulu kumgangatho wobomi. Isixa soxinzelelo esinamava sinokuba nzima kangangokuthi kuba nzima ukubandakanya intsebenziswano yentlalontle, ufezekise uxanduva olufana nesikolo okanye umsebenzi kwaye, kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, kwanokuba kunzima ukuhamba ekhaya.
Abantu abane-BDD baya kubakho ukuziphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwizame zokujongana nale nkxalabo. Nangona unokuchitha yonke indawo ukusuka kwiiyure ezintathu ukuya kweyibhozo okanye ngaphezulu kwimihla yokuziphatha, naluphi na uncedo olufutshane.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba othandekayo unokujongana ne-BDD, ezinye zeendlela aziphathe ngayo zibandakanya:
- Ukuqoqa isikhumba
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokweqile kokwenza
- Izambatho zokufihla iinxalenye ezithile zomzimba okanye iimpawu
- Ukutshekisha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubukeka kwizibuko
- Ukuzilungisa ngokugqithiseleyo
- Ukutshintsha izikhundla zomzimba rhoqo
- Ukugqoka izixhobo ezifana neengubo, izikhwila kunye neiglavu
- Ukufuna utyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo
- Ngaphezu kokugxininisa ezinye izitho zomzimba okanye iimpawu zomzimba
- Ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokugqithisileyo kwabanye malunga naloo mpawu okanye inxalenye yomzimba
Ezinye iinkathazo zeMpilo Zengqondo ezingase zenzeke ngeCandelo leDysmorphic Disorder
Ukugqithiswa kuboniswe ukuba kukho phakathi kwe-BDD kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ngokukodwa iingxaki zokuxhalaba ezifana nokuxhalaba okubanzi , i- OCD , kunye ne- social phobia .
Enyanisweni, i-BDD okwangoku ihlelwe phakathi kweeNgxaki ze-Obsessive Compulsive Disorders. Uphando lubonisile ukuba ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-60 zezigulane ezineBDD zineenkxalabo zokuphila ngokuxhalaba kunye neepesenti ezingama-38 ziye zachonga i-social phobia. Ukukhathazeka ngesiphoso esingazibonakaliyo kunokushiya abantu bazive bexakekile kwaye bexhalaba naluphi na intsebenziswano yentlalontle, ekhokelela ekubeni bazive bengenathemba kunye nokudandatheka .
Nangona isitho somzimba esingasimpilo sisoloko sihambelana nokuphazamiseka kokutya, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba umzimba we-dysmorphia awunxulumene nokuba nesisindo okanye ukulahleka kwesisindo. Kwabaninzi nge-BDD, kugxininisa kwinqanaba lomzimba njengengxolo, iinwele, okanye izikrakra-izinto ezidliwayo zokuziphatha eziphazamisekileyo aziyi kutshintshwa okanye zichaphazele. Xa ugxininiso olugqithisileyo lomntu ludibene ngokukodwa nobukhulu bendima yomzimba, njengamathanga okanye kwi-midsection, ukutya ukutya okuphazamisekileyo kungenzeka ngenzame yokujongana nesiphene esifanelekileyo. Kulinganiselwa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezili-12 zalabo abane-BDD nazo ziyahlangabezana neendlela zokutya eziphazamisayo ezifana ne- anorexia kunye ne- bulimia .
Iimpawu zeKliniki zeCandelo leDysmorphic Disorder
Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kungenanto okanye ungathathwa ngokungathandabuzeki ngumniki-nkonzo wabo wezempilo, abantu abane-BDD banokuhlupheka ngenxa yexesha ngaphambi kokuza phambili befuna uncedo. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala bebonisa iingxalaba zabo kwiinkonzo zonyango ezifana ne-dermatologist, ugqirha wezilwanyana, okanye ugqirha wamazinyo, kunokuba unengqondo okanye enye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo. Abantu abano-BDD bahlala besaba ukugwetywa kwabanye ngaphandle nangona izinga labo lokubandezeleka liphezulu kangangokuba lichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kunye nolwalamano.
Ukuze ufumane unyango lwe-BDD, le miqathango kufuneka ihlangane:
- Ukukhathazeka ngokubonakala. Akukuphela nje ukuba umntu makhathazeke ngokubonakala, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ingqwalasela yabo ingqalelo yokungapheleli, into engabonakaliyo okanye yabonwa ngabanye okanye ayikho. Ukuze kucatshangelwe "ukuxakeka" kunye nephutha elibonakalayo, umntu uya kubandakanyeka kwiingcamango ezingapheliyo malunga neziphoso zabo ngeeyure ngosuku.
- Umntu kufuneka ahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindayo kumzamo wokulungisa "ityala elibonwayo. Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kubonakaliswa kumzamo wokufihla, ukulungisa, okanye ukuphendula kwisigxina seengcamango eziphosakeleyo. Umzekelo, umntu unokujonga ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwisibuko, ukhethe esikhwameni sakhe, utshintshe iimpahla zakhe, uphinde usebenzise i-makeup, ucele abanye ukuba baqiniseke, njl njl.
- Iingcamango ezigqithisileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kufuneka zibe yiklinikhi ebalulekileyo. Ngamanye amagama, uxinzelelo olufunekayo kumntu kufuneka lifikelele ekubeni umgangatho wobomi unzima kakhulu. Ubomi bentlalo yomntu, umsebenzi (isikolo okanye umsebenzi) kunye nezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zobomi babo kufuneka zichaphazeleke ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezi ngcamango nezenzo.
Umzimba we-dysmorphic disorder unokungaqondakali ngokulula njengenye ingxaki yempilo yengqondo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha oqeqeshiwe kakuhle ukuba enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-diagnostic ukuphepha ukungazi kakuhle i-BDD njengenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Uxinzelelo lwentlalo
- Ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka
- Ubume obungalunganga obuphambanisayo
- Ukukhathazeka kweengxaki (ukukhanda isikhumba)
- I-Trichotillomania disorder (ukudonsa iinwele)
- Agoraphobia
- Ingxaki yokutya
- Ukukhathazeka okuqhelekileyo
Yiyiphi Ingonyango Efumanekayo kwiCandelo leDysmorphic Disorder?
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo ujongene ne-BDD, unokuba unqwenela ukuqala unyango okanye ukucebisa. Kuqheleke kakhulu-kwanabo abangenayo i-BDD-ukukholelwa ukuba unyango lweengqondo alona isisombululo esaneleyo kwiinkxalabo zakho. Enyanisweni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele ufune uncedo ngezinye iindlela, ezifana nokuzenzela, iinwele kunye nabanxibi bezambatho, oogqirha beeplastiki, abadokotela bezilwanyana, abadematologists, kunye namazinyo (kuxhomekeke kwimizimba yomzimba embuzo). Abo babe ne-BDD bafuna "ingxaki" yabo yenyama. Bafuna ukuba iphoso elibonwayo lizinze, liguqulwe, okanye lisuswe. Kungenokuba kunzima, kodwa unyango lweengqondo lunokuba luncedo kakhulu, ukujongana nasiphi na ingcinga kunye neemvakalelo ezikuloo ndawo.
Enye indlela ebonakalise ukuba isebenzayo kunyango lwe-BDD yonyango yokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT). I-CBT yonyango lokuqala lwe-BDD. Kuquka ukutshintsha iingcinga kunye neenkolelo ezingenayo i-maladaptive ekhoyo kwi-disorder. Inokuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezijolise ekunciphiseni ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kunye neengcamango malunga nokukhathazeka komzimba. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza, ngokukhethekileyo i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs), kuye kwaboniswa ukuba iphumelele ekunciphiseni ezinye zeempawu zeBDD. La mayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngokuphambili ngokubambisana noChnitive Behavioral Treatment (Porter, 2017). Kubalulekile ukuba abo abane-Body Dysmorphic Disorder bazivumele ixesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza i-psychotherapy ukuba liphumelele.
Iinjongo Zonyango
Ukhuseleko lwangokwenyama luyintloko ekwenzeni unyango lwe-BDD. Ngethuba umntu sele eqalise ukucebisa okanye unyango, mhlawumbi sele bebonise ukuziphatha okungahambi kakuhle kwempilo njengokhetho olugqithiseleyo kwesikhumba okanye ukudonsa izinwele, umzekelo. Ezi ziphatha ziyakushiya kunye nabathandekayo bakho abanomuva wokuthi ithemba litshintshe. Kubalulekile ukuba le mpawu ibonakala ingabonakali nje kuphela kwintlalo-ntle, kodwa nayo ayinakuphumelela ekufezeni injongo "yokulungisa" ityala elibonakalayo.
ILizwi
Uthelekiso lwentlalo ngumngeni omkhulu kubaninzi bethu, kwaye nangona kunjalo xa ujongana ne-BDD. Ngenxa yokungakhuselekanga malunga neempawu zomzimba kunye nesimo sokuzigweba ngokweqile, ukuhlala kunye nabanye kungaba nzima kwaye kusongela. Ngokomzekelo, unokubaluleka malunga nokuma kwempumlo yakho uze ufumane ukuthelekisa neempumlo zakho kwabanye abantu egumbini, ukugxeka nokuzigweba ngokwengeziwe. I-CBT inokukunceda ukuphazamisa kunye nokucelomngeni loo migaqo yokucinga engathandekiyo.
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo ujongene neCandelo le-dysmorphic disorder, ukwamukelwa kobuqu kuya kubaluleke kunaluphi na unyango. Emva kokuchitha ixesha elininzi ixesha ligxininisa kwiingxaki ezizenzayo, ingcamango yokubamkela iyanokuziva ivela ngaphandle kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayinakwenzeka kodwa, ngoncedo lwenyango, inokukwazi ukujongana neengxaki ezixhatshazayo kunye nokuziphatha okungcolileyo, ukuphucula ukuthetha kwakho , kunye eze kwindawo yokwamkelwa okukhulu kunye novelwano.
> Imithombo:
> Hartman, A., Greenberg, J. & Wilhelm, S. (2007). Isikhokelo seengcali zonyango lweengxaki zomzimba we-dysmorphic disorder. Ibuyiswe ngo-Oktobha 11, 2017 ukusuka kwi-https: //bdd.iocdf.org/professionals/therapists-guide-to-bdd-tx/
> Koran, LM, Abujaoude, E., enkulu, MD & Serpe, RT (2008). Ukuxhaphaka kwesifo se-dysmorphic disorder in the population of United States. I-CNS Spectrum. UTshazimpuzi; 13 (4): 316-22.
> UMafadel A, u-Osman O, uAlammadad, F, Jafferany, M. Umzimba wesifo se-dysmorphic disorder: Ukuhlaziywa okufutshane kunye neentetho kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi. I-Companion Primary Care kwiingxaki ze-CNS. 2013; 15 (4): 1464
> Phillips, K. (2017). Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuhlolwa kweklinikhi ye-BDD. Ibuyiswe ngo-Oktobha 11, 2017 ukusuka kwi-https: //bdd.iocdf.org/professionals/diagnosis/
> Porter, D. (2017). I-Dysmorphic disorder disorder DSM-V 300.7. Ibuyiswe ngo-Oktobha 11, 2017 ukusuka kwi-https: //www.theravive.com/therapedia/body-dysmorphic-disorder-dsm--5-300.7-(f45.22)