I-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) isifo sengqondo esichaphazela malunga ne-1% -2% yabemi. Nangona omnye unokuhlakulela i-OCD kunanoma yiphi iminyaka ubudala, umyinge weminyaka yobudala uneminyaka engama-19.5, kunye nama-25% abantu abaphuhlisa iimpawu abaneminyaka eyi-14 ubudala. Nangona abantu besilisa bavame ukubonakalisa iimpawu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebuntwaneni, amabhinqa athatyathwa ngamanani athile aphakamileyo ngabantu abadala.
Ukuzikhethela phakathi kwe-"Obsessive Compulsive and Disorders" kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities, I-Fifth Edition ( iDSM-5 ), imigaqo yokuxilonga ibandakanya:
- Ubuninzi bezinto zokuzila, ukunyanzelisa, okanye zombini
- Ukuqaphela kuchazwa ngokuthi:
- Ukuqwalasela kuchazwa ngentsingiselo ephindaphindiweyo, eqhubekayo, engathandekiyo, engafunekiyo, imifanekiso, okanye izibongozo ezibangela uxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo
- Iinzame zokungawunaki okanye ukuwunciphisa ezo zinto okanye ukuzinciphisa ngokwenza uxinzelelo
- Izigqibo zichazwe njenge:
- Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okanye izenzo zengqondo umntu uqhutyelwa ukuba asebenze ekuphenduleni ukunyanzelisa okanye ngokulandela imithetho egunyazisiweyo
- Ukuziphatha okanye iingqondo zenzelwe ukunciphisa uxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo, okanye ukukhusela isiphumo esisongayo; Nangona kunjalo, zigqithise ngokugqithiseleyo okanye azixhunyiwe ngendlela echanekileyo kwizinto ezijoliswe ukujongana nazo
- Ukugqithiselwa okanye ukunyanzeliswa kukuchitha ixesha (umzekelo, thabatha ngaphezu kweyure nganye ngosuku) okanye kubangela ukucinezeleka okukhulu okanye ukukhubazeka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
- Iimpawu ezingcono zingabangelwa yimiphumo yomzimba yesifo, imeko yonyango okanye enye ingxaki yengqondo
- Kuphawulwe ukuba abantu banokuba neengqiqo ezilungileyo / ezifanelekileyo okanye ezingekho kakuhle kwiimpawu zabo. Ukuba ingqiqo ephosakeleyo, iimpawu zomntu zingabonakala ziphosakeleyo kwimvelo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iimpawu ezinokuthi zinxulumene nemvelo , ukuba isigulane sinembali yengxaki yokuziphatha.
- Ukuqaphela kuchazwa ngokuthi:
Ngokuchasene nokungaqondakali okuqhelekileyo kwenkcubeko ye-pop, ukungazivumeli akunakumnandi; ukuba "ucamngce" ngento ethile okanye umntu akukhona into eyenzekayo xa umntu ecinga into enokuyithandana nayo kwaye bayayithokoza ngayo. Ukuqaphela, kwinqanaba leklinikhi, luyinto ephazamisayo kwimvelo.
Amava angaphakathi ayenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, afunekiyo, kwaye aziva ngathi angaphandle kolawulo lomntu. Bangela ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, njengokukhathazeka, ukunyaniseka, ukwesaba, nokugqithisa. Ukuphikelela kwezi ngcamango kuvame ukuphazamisa amandla omntu wokuya kwezinye izinto ezibaluleke kubo. Ukugqithiswa okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya:
- Ukucoca (umzekelo, ukungcola, iintsholongwane, izifo zomzimba, izifo, ukungcola kwendalo, amachiza)
- Inobungozi (umz., Ukwesaba ukuzilimaza okanye abanye, ukwesaba ukuxhomekeka kwinto ethile embi okanye ukulimala okungenakuzenzela okuthile okanye umntu)
- Imiba yobulili engafunekiyo (umzekelo, iingcamango ezingavumelekanga, ezingavunyelwe, okanye eziphosakeleyo zesondo, imifanekiso, okanye iimpembelelo, kubandakanywa ukungaboni ngokuphathelele ubundlobongela, iingcamango zesondo malunga nezingane, inzala, udlwengulo okanye ulwabizo ngokwesondo)
- Ukunyaniseka / ukuchithwa (umzekelo, iingcinga malunga nokunyelisa okanye ukucaphukisa uThixo, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha okanye ukuziphatha)
- Ukulawulwa Kwemithetho (umzekelo, ukwesaba ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo nokuzilimaza okanye abanye, ukwesaba ukwenza izinto ngokungenangqondo kunye nokuhlambalaza abanye okanye ukuthetha into ethile okanye ukungavunyelwa, ukwesaba ukwenza izinto ngokungenangqondo nokuba, imifanekiso engacatshangwanga engqondweni, enobudlova, okanye obundlobongelayo ) U
- Ukugqithisa (umz., Ukuxhalabisa ngokunyaniseka, ukuchaneka, ukulingana, isidingo sokwazi okanye ukukhumbula, ukuqhutyelwa ukuhambelana nesimo esiqinileyo okanye ukulindela, isidingo sokwenene ukuziva ulungile )
- Ukugula ngokomzimba (umz., Ukwesaba ukufumana isifo okanye isifo esingenakunxulumaniswa nokungcoliswa kwemvelo)
- Iinkolelo Zenkolelo-mfundiso (umz., Iinombolo ezinenhlanhla okanye ezingenangqondo, imibala, amagama, okanye amabinzana)
Ukuqwalasela ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya isiphumo esinoyikayo, njengokuba uxanduva lokuzilimaza wena okanye kwabanye, ukuchazwa njengokungahambi kakuhle okanye ukuziphatha kakubi, okanye ukungapheleli. Umzekelo, ukunyamezela ngokumalunga nomonakalo kwabanye kungaquka ukwesaba ukuba umntu angabangela umlilo ngokungawusebenzisi ulumkiso.
Olu loyiko lunokuba lukhulu kangangokuba luqhuba iminyanzeliso yokunciphisa ukubonakala kokulimaza nokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Kulo mzekelo ukhankanywe apha ngasentla, umntu unokukhetha ukuhlola zonke iindwendwe ekhaya ngaphambi kokushiya indlu ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umlilo uya kubakho kwaye unciphisa kakhulu uxhalaba oludibeneyo.
Iimfuno zee-Compulsions nazo zivakala ngokungaqondakali kwaye zihluke kwiintetho.
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders, Uhlobo lwesihlanu. 5th. IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013: 251-4.
UClak, uDavid A .; & Radomsky, uAdam S. (2014). Isingeniso: Umbono wehlabathi jikelele kwiingcamango ezingafunekiyo. Umbhalo we-Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Iyatholakala kwi-intanethi 18 Februwari 2014.
Goodman, WK, Price, LH, Rasmussen, SA et al: "I-Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale." IArch Gen Psychiatry 46: 1006-1011,1989.