Ukuphefumlelwa Kwimiqondo Eyaziwayo Eyona Eyona Eyaziwayo
Iingcaphuno eziphefumlelweyo zingaba neengcamango ezintsha kunye neembono kwiingxaki ngamnye umntu abhekene nazo ngexesha elinye. Ukuba ufuna ezinye iingcaphuno ezinokukunceda uzive ukhuthazwe okanye unamandla, ungafuna ukuqala ngokujonga ngokuthe kratya kwezi zivela kwezinye iingcamango eziyaziwayo. Funda kabanzi malunga nezinto ezenza zikhuthaze.
1 - Maslow: Ukufumana iindlela ezintsha zokujongana neengxaki zobomi
Abraham Maslow
"Ukuba isixhobo esisodwa esisinawo isinyundo, ujwayele ukubona yonke ingxaki njengesikhonkwane."
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
UAbraham Maslow wenza le ngqungquthela eyaziwayo ngokubhekiselele kwingcamango eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthetho wesixhobo okanye isando sikaMaslow. Eyona nto ibonisa ukuxhomekeka ngaphezu kweso sixhobo esiyintandokazi okanye intandokazi. Nangona izixhobo ezinjalo ngezinye izihlandlo ziyakunceda, zikhokelela ekujongeni iingxaki ngeendlela ezingenakuncedo okanye eziyingozi.
Kwimiqathango yengqondo, oku kungabandakanya ukuhlala uthembela kwiindlela ezifanayo zokuhlangabezana neengxaki kunokujonga izisombululo ezintsha. Esikhundleni sokuwa kwexhoba kulo mkhuba, ukucaphulwa kweMaslow kukubonisa ukuba unokufuna ukuzama ukukhulisa i-horizons yakho, ukufunda ngeendlela ezintsha zokucinga, nokuhlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha nabanye. UMaslow uyaziwa ngokuba ngumphathi wakhe weemfuno .
2 - UYakobi: Ukwenza Izinto ezinzima kunokwenza umxholo
William James
"Wonke umntu kufuneka enze ubuncinane izinto ezimbini iintsuku ngamnye azithandayo ukwenza, nje ukuzenza."
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
UWilliam James uthi impilo ayifanele ihlale ihamba ngendlela elula. Ngamanye amaxesha amava okufunda awona mkhulu kunabo baziswa ngeengxaki kunye nocelomngeni. Kule mizuzu ufunda kakhulu malunga nawe, amandla akho kunye nobuthathaka bakho.
Njengoko ukucaphuna kukaYakobi kucebisa, ngamanye amaxesha kubalulekile ukwenza izinto nangona ungahlali ujonge okanye ufuna ukubandakanya kule mi sebenzi. Ukuze uqalise ngamandla, ukuqala ingxoxo nabantu abangabaziyo kuya kuba ngumzekelo omhle womsebenzi ongafunekiyo ongakhokelela kumvuzo ongalindelekanga.
Ukuba ufumana ukuwela kwi-rut, zama ukuthabatha igama leengcebiso kwi-psychologist nefilosofi uWilliam James . Umngeni ukuba uzame into entsha okanye ujongene nomngeni ongeke ufumane ujabule kwaye ubone ukuba yiziphi izakhono nolwazi onokulufumana kumava. Imizekelo embalwa yezinto onokuzama ukuquka kubhalisa kwiklasi elitsha, ukuzama ukusebenza okuhlukeneyo, okanye ukuya kwi-marathon.
3 - Ellis: Ukuthatha uxanduva loBomi bakho
Albert Ellis
"Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yobomi bakho yiyo oya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba iingxaki zakho zingezakho. Awubagxeli kumama wakho, i-ecology, okanye umongameli." Uyazi ukuba ulawula ikusasa lakho. "
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
Le ngqungquthela evela ku- Albert Ellis yinto yokuthatha uxanduva lwakho lobomi kunye nokukhetha. Ngokucacileyo, kukho iinkalo zobomi bakho ezingaphandle kolawulo lwakho. Ngelixa ungeke ukwazi ukulawula zonke izinto ezenzeka kuwe okanye ukuba uzivelele ebomini bakho, unokuziphendulela ngendlela osabela ngayo kule miba.
Kwiengqondo, le ngcamango idla ngokubizwa ngokuba neendawo zangaphakathi zokulawula . Okubalulekileyo, indawo yakho yokulawula ibhekisela ekubeni ubona iziganeko ebomini bakho ngaphandle kolawulo lwakho okanye nokuba unomuvo wokuthi izenzo zakho zinokuchaphazela i-destiny yakho.
Abantu abaneendawo zangaphakathi zokulawula bathambekele ekubeni baninzi ukulawula, banomsebenzi omkhulu wokuzimelela, kwaye bahlala bevuya ngakumbi kwaye banempilo. Abo baphethe indawo yangaphandle yokulawula baziva bebancedi, bengenamandla, bengenashukumiseka ukuba benze utshintsho ebomini babo.
U-Ellis uyaziwa ngokuphuhlisa unyango olushukumisayo lokuziphatha , uhlobo oluthile lwe-cognitive-behavioral therapy olujoliswe ekuncedeni abathengi ukutshintsha iinkolelo ezingenangqondo.
4 - URogers: Ukugcina iinjongo zokucinga
UCarl Rogers
"Xa ndijonge ihlabathi ndiyathemba, kodwa xa ndijonga abantu ndiqinisekile."
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
UCarl Rogers uthi kusenokuba lula kakhulu ukuqala ukuziva ungathembeki malunga nehlabathi lehlabathi. Iindaba zibonakala zizaliswe ngamabali entlekele kunye neentlungu zabantu. I-feed yakho yemidiya yoluntu inokukubonisa ngokuqhubela phambili kwamabali agxile kwimibambano, iingxabano kunye neembali ezibonisa ukuba ihlabathi liyehla ngokukhawuleza.
Ingcaphuno kaRogers ibonisa ukuba ngoxa ugxininiso kwiibali ezinjalo zingenza ukuba umhlaba ubonakale njengendawo eyoyikisayo, ukugxila kubantu ngabanye kunokukunceda uhlale unombono othembekileyo kunye neengcamango zehlabathi.
Amanqaku eendaba kunye neendaba zoluntu zicofa ibali lezinto ezinokuthi zijolise kwiintlungu ezinkulu zabantu njengendlela yokukhawuleza ukubukwa kwiphepha, kodwa oku akukwenzeki ukujonga okwenyani kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ungathembeki ngehlabathi, jonga abantu abakuzungezile abanokukuncedisa. Gxininisa kumabali ngabantu abaphefumlelweyo abenza izinto ezinkulu kunye nokwenza igalelo elinamandla kuluntu. Njengoko uCarl Rogers ecetyisa, ihlabathi lizele abantu abanomusa nabanikezelayo abangakhuthaza kakhulu ithemba.
5 - I-Skinner: I-Learning That Lasts Lifetime
BF Skinner
"Imfundo yinto eqhubekayo xa kufundwe oko kufundwe."
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
Xa abantu bacinga ngemfundo, bathambekele ukucinga ngeenyaniso kunye namanani afundwa esikolweni. Uninzi lwabafundisi banokubonisa, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo iindlela, imigaqo, kunye nenkqubo yophando ebangelwa ulwazi olubalulekileyo.
Njengoko i- BF Skinner ithi, isamba solwazi lwethu sidlulela ngaphaya kokufunda kwincwadi yokufunda. Nangona ulwazi olufundayo eklasini lungenakugcinwa kwimemori yesikhathi eside emva kokuba kuthathe uvavanyo, izakhono zokucinga eziphambili ezifunyenweyo ngelixa ukuphishekela imfundo kuya kuhlala ixesha elide. Inkqubo yokufunda ayipheli, nangona ixesha elide emva kweentsuku zesikolo ziphelile. Ungalokothi uyeke umngeni wakho ukuba uhlolisise ulwazi olutsha, iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga ngehlabathi.
U-Skinner wayaziwa ngokuzama kwakhe kwimeko yokusebenza kunye nee shedyuli zokuqiniswa .
6 - URogers: Ubomi Lukhokelo, Akusiyo indawo
UCarl Rogers
Ubomi obulungileyo yinkqubo, kungekhona imeko yokuba yindawo.
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
Ngaba uye wakha wagxininisa ekufezekiseni injongo onokulibala ukuba ujabulele uhambo ukuya ekufezeni loo njongo? Icaphuno likaCarl Rogers ibonisa ukuba ukuphila ubomi obulungileyo kusemalunga nohambo ngokwalo.
Esikhundleni sokugxila kwizinto ocinga ukuba ekugqibeleni zikhokelela kulokho ukholelwa ukuba "uphila ubomi obulungileyo" njengokuba nekhaya elikhulu, ukuqhuba imoto enhle, nokuhamba ngeeholide eziqhelekileyo, gxininisa izinto ezilungileyo kwizinto zakho nobomi imihla ngemihla. Izinto ozifundayo, intsapho kunye nabahlobo obelana nabo ubomi bakho, kunye nezinto ezenza unonwabo zizibonakaliso ezinkulu zokuphila obonwabileyo.