UKurt Lewin wayengumqondo weengqondo ochaphazelayo namhlanje owaziwayo njengomsekeli wezesayensi zengqondo zanamhlanje. Uphando lwakhe malunga neenguquko zeqela, ukufunda ngokufunda, kunye nophando lwezenzo lunefuthe elikhulu ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo kwengqondo. Uyabonwa kwakhona ngemisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo kwimimandla yesimo sengqondo esetyenziswayo kunye neengqondo zentlangano.
Ngomhla ka-2002 ukuhlaziywa kwamanye ama-psychologists anentshukumisa kakhulu enkulungwane ye-20, uLiin ubekwe njengowesi-psychologyist 18.
"Akukho nto iyenzayo njengengcamango elungileyo."
- iKurt Lewin
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- Kufunda
- Theory Field
- Iqela lombutho
- Kucingwa ukuba ngumsunguli wezesayensi zengqondo zanamhlanje
Isihlandlo seZenzo
- Wazalelwa ngoSeptemba 9, 1890
- Ngo-1914 - Wajoyina umkhosi waseJamani.
- 1916 - Ufumene i-Ph.D. kwiYunivesithi yaseBerlin.
- 1921 - waba ngumfundisi kwiziko le-Psychological Institute yaseYurophu yaseBerlin.
- 1932 - Ufudukela eMelika.
- 1935 - waba nguprofesa kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa; ipapashwe i-Dynamic Theory of Personality .
- Ngowe-1944 - Isikhungo sophando olusungulwe kwi-MIT.
- Wafa eneminyaka engama-57 ngoFebruwari 12, 1947 yesifo senhliziyo.
Ubomi bokuqala bukaKurt Lewin
Wazalelwa ePrussia waya kwintsapho yamaYuda ephakathi, uKurt Lewin wathuthela eBerlin eneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwiGymnasium.
Wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseFrieberg ngo-1909 ukuba afunde unyango ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwiYunivesithi yaseMunich ukuba afunde i-biology. Ekugqibeleni wagqiba isigqirha sobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseBerlin.
Ekuqaleni waqala izifundo zakhe ngentshisekelo yokuziphatha , kodwa kamva waba nomdla kwi- Psychology .
Wazivolontiya umkhosi waseJamani ngo-1914 waza wabuya walimala ekulweni. La mava okuqala ayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwengcamango yakhe yentsimi kwaye emva koko afunde iinguqu zeqela.
Umsebenzi
Ngowe-1921, uKurt Lewin waqalisa ukufundiswa kwifilosofi nakwizengqondo kwiziko le-Psychological Institute yaseYurophu yaseBerlin. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwabafundi kunye nokubhala okubhalileyo kwathatha ingqalelo kwiYunivesithi yaseStford, yaye wamenywa ukuba abe nguprofesa wokutyelela ngo-1930. Ekugqibeleni, uLiin wathuthela e-US waza wathatha indawo yokufundisa kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa, apho wasebenza khona ngo-1944.
Ngoxa uLewin egcizelela ukubaluleka kweengcamango, wayekholelwa ukuba iimbono zifuneka ukuba zibe nezicelo ezifanelekileyo. Waqalisa ukusebenzisa uphando lwakhe kwimfazwe, esebenzela urhulumente wase-US. ULebin naye wamisela iQela Dynamics eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kunye neZwelonke zoLwazi lweeNzululwazi (NTL). ULevin wabulawa yintliziyo ye-1947.
Theory Field
Echaphazelekayo yi-Gestalt yengqondo, uLevin wavelisa ingcamango egxininisa ukubaluleka kobuqu bomntu ngamnye, imbambano yokuzibandakanya kunye nezimo ezikhoyo. I-Theory Field ye-Lewin icetyiswa ukuba ukuziphatha ngumphumo womntu kunye nendalo.
Le ngcamango inefuthe elikhulu kwizengqondo zentlalo, exhasa ingcamango yokuba iimpawu zethu kunye nokusingqongileyo zibandakanya ukuziphatha.
I-Lewin, i-Lippitt, ne-White Study
Kule sifundo, abantwana besikolo babelwa ukuba babe ngabalawuli, abanobukhokheli benkululeko okanye i-laisse-ubulungisa. Kuboniswe ukuba ulawulo lwentando yesininzi lwaluphezulu kunobunkokheli obunobungcali kunye nobunzima. Ezi ziphumo zenze ukuba uphando lwezakhono zobunkokeli.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
UKurt Lewin uncedise kwi-Psychology ye-Gestalt ngokunyusa kwiingcamango ze-gestalt nokuzifaka ekuziphatheni komntu.
Wayengomnye weengcali zengqondo zokuqala ukuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu, ukunyusa ingqondo yengqondo , ingqondo yezentlalo, kunye neengqondo zobuntu . Wayengumlobi obalaseleyo, ukupapasha amaqendu angaphezu kwama-80 kunye neencwadi ezisibhozo kwizihloko ezahlukahlukeneyo zengqondo. Amanqaku akhe amaninzi angapheli apapashwa ngabalingane bakhe emva kokufa ngokukhawuleza eneminyaka engama-56.
ULein uyaziwa ngokuba nguyise wengqondo yengqondo yanamhlanje ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona owasebenzisa iindlela zenzululwazi kunye nokuzama ukujonga njengendlela yokuziphatha kwezentlalo. ULein wayengumfundisi wezondlo ochaphazelayo kwi-psychology eyenza ibe ngenye yeengcali zengqondo zengqungquthela yekhulu lemashumi mabini.
Okushicilelwe ngu-Kurt Lewin
- Lewin, K. (1935) Umbono onamandla wobuntu. ENew York: McGraw-Hill.
- Lewin, K. (1936) Imigaqo yeengqondo zengqondo. ENew York: McGraw-Hill.
- Lewin, K. (1951) Inkalo yesifundo kwintlalo yesayensi; ekhethiweyo amaphepha. D. Cartwright (ed.). ENew York: Harper & Row.