Inkolelo ye-James-Lange ibonisa njani iimvakalelo?
Yintoni eyenza iimvakalelo ? Ziziphi izinto ezilawula indlela iimvakalelo ezenzeka ngayo? Iyiphi injongo eyenziwa yimizwa? Imibuzo enjalo yathandeka iingcali zeengqondo ngeminyaka emininzi kwaye kuye kwavela iingcamango ezahlukeneyo ukucacisa indlela kwaye kutheni sivakalelwa . Enye yeengcamango zangaphambili ezicetywayo ngabaphandi zaziwa ngokuba yi-James-Lange ye-emotion.
Ukuphakanyiswa ngokuzimeleyo ngumbhali weengqondo uWilliam James kunye nomzimba wezobuchopho uCar Lange, i-theory ye-James-Lange yeemeko zibonisa ukuba iimvakalelo zivela ngenxa yeempendulo zemizimba kwiziganeko. Ngamanye amazwi, le ngongoma iphakamisa ukuba abantu banokuphendula ngokusesikweni kwimimiselo engqongileyo kwaye ukuba ukuchazwa kwabo kwimeko yesimo siphumelele kwimeko yamava.
ITheory-Lange Theory isebenza njani?
Ngokwale ngqungquthela, ukunikela ubungqina bemizimba yangaphandle kubangela ukuphendulwa kwempilo. Impendulo yakho yempembelelo kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyichaza njani loo mpendulo.
Ngokomzekelo, ake sithi uhamba ehlathini, kwaye ubona ibhere le-grizzly. Uqala ukuthuthumela, kwaye intliziyo yakho iqalisa ukugijima. Iingcamango ze-James-Lange ziphakamisa ukuba uzakuguqulela ukuphendula kwakho ngokomzimba kwaye ugqibe ekubeni uloyiko ("Ndiyathuthumela." Ngoko ke ndoyika. ")
UWilliam James wachaza wathi, "Ingcaphephe yam, ngokuchaseneyo, kukuba iinguqulelo zomzimba zilandela ngqo UKUPHATHWA kweqiniso elithile, kwaye ukuba zethu iimvakalelo ezifanayo njengoko zenzekayo.
Ngokomnye umzekelo, cinga ukuba uhamba ngegalaji yokupaka emnyama ukuya kwinqwelo yakho. Uyabona umntu omnyama elandela emva kwakho kwaye intliziyo yakho iqalisa ukugijima. Ngokutsho kwengcamango kaJames-Lange, ngoko uguqulela indlela osebenza ngayo kwisibindi njengokwesaba. Ngako oko, uziva ukwesaba kwaye uphuthumele emotweni yakho ngokukhawuleza njengoko unakho.
Bobabini uJacob noLange bakholelwa ukuba nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ucinge ukuba uvakalelwa ngumsindo okanye ukrakra, inguqu yakho ecatshulwayo yovakalelo yayiza kuba yintsimi ephathekayo yoluvo lwangempela. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba babecinga ukuba ngaphandle kwempendulo yezinto ezibonakalayo abaye bayakholelwa ukuba yenzeke ingqondo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuvakalelwa le "mfuneko". Ngamanye amagama, iimpendulo zomzimba kufuneka zibe khona ukwenzela ukuba ufumane imvakalelo yangempela.
Iingcamango ze-James-Lange Theory
Inkolelo ye- Cannon-Bard yemvakalelo , ecetywayo kuma-1920 nguWalter Cannon noFilipu Bard, imingeni ngokuthe ngqo kwimfundiso ye-James-Lange. Inkolelo yeCannon kunye neBard kunokuba iphakamisa ukuba iimpendulo zethu zomzimba, ezifana nokukhala nokuthuthumela, zibangelwa yimvakalelo yethu.
Nangona abaphandi banamhlanje banciphisa ingcamango yeJames-Lange, kukho iziganeko apho izimpendulo zemizimba zikhokelela ekuvezeni iimvakalelo. Ukuphucula ingxaki yesifo kunye ne- phobias ethile yimizekelo emibini.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokufumana ukuphendulwa kwemizimba njengokugula ebantwini, oko kukukhokelela kwisimo sengqondo esifana nokuziva uxhalabile. Ukuba umbutho uqulunqwe phakathi kwimeko kunye neemeko zengqondo, umntu unokuqala ukuphepha into enokuthi yenze loo nto ibangele ibangele loo mvakalelo.
Enye into enkulu yokugxekwa kweengcamango kukuba uYakobe noLange abaxhomekeke kwiingcamango zabo kwinto enokuthi ibonakale efana nokuhlola okulawulwayo. Kunoko, inkolelo yayiyinxalenye yokupasa kwangaphambili kunye nophando lwama-correlational . Bobabini uJacob noLange babenokufumana iziphumo ezithile zekliniki zokuxhasa inkcazo yabo. Ngokomzekelo, uLange ucacise ukugqirha komnye ugqirha ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi kwi-krekra kwanda xa isigulane sithukuthele, esichaza ngokuxhasa yakhe ingcamango yokuba ukuphendula ngokomzimba kwi-stimuli kwakhokelela kumava ngaloo mvakalelo.
Kwakuyomsebenzi kamva wezinzululwazi kunye nabafundi bezilwanyana ezibonakaliswayo abaye babonisa iimpazamo ezingakumbi nge-James-Lange theory of feelings.
Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba izilwanyana kunye nabantu abaye babhekana nokulahlekelwa kweengqondo ezinkulu babesenako ukuva iimvakalelo. Ngokubini uYakobi noLange, iimpendulo zomzimba kufuneka ziyimfuneko ukuba uvakalelwe ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba nabo banokukhubazeka kwemisipha kunye nokungabikho kovakalelo banokukwazi ukuvakalelwa iimvakalelo ezifana novuyo, ukwesaba kunye nomsindo.
Omnye umba kunye nenkolelo kukuba xa uvavanywa ngokusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kombane, ukusebenzisa ukuvuselela kwisayithi enye akukhokeli kwiimvakalelo ezifanayo rhoqo. Umntu unokufumana iimpendulo ezifanayo zomzimba kwi-stimulus, kodwa unamava ahluke ngokupheleleyo. Izinto ezifana nesimo sengqondo somntu esele sikhona, iziganeko kwimeko, kunye nokuphendula kwabanye abantu banokudlala indima ekuphenduleni kwemizwelo.
Inkxaso ye-James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Nangona kubonakala sengathi i-James-Lange theory ayifanele ibe yinto engakumbi ukuba ufunde ngokubaluleka kwayo kwimbali, kubalulekile ukuba namhlanje kuba abaphandi baqhubeka befumanisa ubungqina obuxhasa ubuncinci ezinye zeengcamango zasekuqaleni zikaJames noLange.
Olunye ubungqina ekuxhaseni le ngcamango:
- Ucwaningo lwe-PET luye lwabonisa ukuba iimvakalelo ezisisiseko zenza iimpawu ezahlukileyo zomsebenzi kwingqondo.
- Ezi zifundo ezifanayo zibonise ukuba i-cortex yengqondo ye-somatosoryory, kunye nommandla wengqondo ehambelana nokuqhutshelwa kwengcaciso yolwazi kwimisipha, isikhumba, kunye nezitho, zaqala ukusebenza ngexesha leempendulo.
- Izifundo zibonisa ukuba imbono yezinto zangaphakathi zenyama zidlala indima kwindlela abantu abava ngayo iimvakalelo. Uvavanyo olunye, umzekelo, lufumene ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abanobuhlungu kwiimpawu zomzimba zabo bafumana iimvakalelo ezintle ezifana nokuxhalabisa.
ILizwi
Iimvakalelo zenza inxalenye enkulu ebomini bethu kangangokuba akumangalisi ukuba abaphandi baye bazinikela umgudu omkhulu ukuze baqonde indlela kunye nangona kutheni emva kweempendulo zethu zemvakalelo. Ingcamango ye-James-Lange yemvakalelo ibonisa enye yeengcamango zokuqala. Nangona iingcamango zigxeka kwaye zatshintshwa kakhulu kule minyaka, iingcamango zikaJames kunye neLange ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza namhlanje.
Iingcamango ziguqulelwe ngexesha kunye nemibono ekhuphisanayo yemvakalelo efana ne- Cannon-Bard theory yemvakalelo kunye ne-Schacter ye- two-factor concept of emotion iye yaziswa. Ngamhlanje, abaninzi abaphandi bangasifaka ukuba kunokuba sisuke sisichukumiseka ngokwenene njengoko uYakobe noLange bacebisa, amava ethu okwempembelelo kunokuba aguqulwe yimiba yomzimba kunye nolunye ulwazi.
> Imithombo:
> Feldman Barrett, L. Imvakalelo yinyani. Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika . 2012; 12 (3): 413-429.
> Hockenbury, DH & Hockenbury, SE. Ukufumanisa i-Psychology. I-New York: AbaPashi Abafanelekileyo; 2011.
> Pastorino, EE & Doyle-Portillo, SM. Yintoni i-Psychology? Izinto ezibalulekileyo. EBelmont, CA: iWadworth Cengage Learning; 2013.