Nangona uvavanyo lwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha lunokuba yinto ekhulile njengexesha, ingqondo yengqondo ayizange ihlale ikhona njengoko yenzayo namhlanje. Uninzi lweengcali zithatha ingqondo ngokwengqondo ngokwasemthethweni. Ngoko nini i-psychology yaqalisa ukuvela njengesazi?
I-Psychology ekuqaleni yayineengcambu zayo zakuqala kwifilosofi nakumzimba. Ngokweengxelo ezininzi zeengcali zengqondo, kwakusungulwa kwilebhu yokuqala yokuhlola ezengqondo ezenza ngokusemthethweni iziqalo zengqondo njengezihlukileyo ezihlukeneyo.
Xa kwakubonwe yilebhu yokuqala yeengqondo kunye nobani owayejongene nalo mcimbi obalulekileyo kwimbali yengqondo? Umbuzo wokuba ibhodi yokuqala yayixhomekeke ukuba ngaba sijonga iilabhu zokulinga okanye iilabhu zokufundisa. Kungabonakala ngathi yinto ehlukileyo, kodwa kwakunokubumba kwebhu lokuqala ekuzinikezeleni ukuhlola kwengqondo eyayibeka ngokwenene i-psychology endleleni yayo njengendlela yokufundisa kunye nesayensi.
ILebhu yoLwazi lweNkcazo yeSizwe yokuqala
UWilhelm Wundt , ugqirha waseJamani kunye neengqondo zezinto zengqondo, wayejongene nokudala i-lab yokuqala yehlabathi yokuhlolwa kwengqondo. Eli bhabhi lakhiwa ngowe-1879 kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig eJamani. Ngokudala i-laboratory yezemfundo eyenzelwe ukufundwa kwengqondo yezovavanyo, uWundt wathatha ngokusemthethweni i-psychology esuka ekulawuleni ifilosofi kunye ne-biology ukuya kuqeqesho olukhethekileyo lwezenzululwazi.
Ngenxa yendima ebalulekileyo eyenziwa nguWundt kwimbali yengqondo, udlalwa ngokuba "nguyise weengqondo."
UWundt wayenempembelelo enkulu kwi-psychology yokuqala kwaye washiya uphawu lwakhe kwabanye abafundi bakhe abadumileyo ababequka uJacob McKeen Cattell noG. Stanley Hall . Ukongezelela ekubeni ngumntu obalulekileyo kwimbali yengqondo, abafundi abaninzi baqeqeshwe kwibhuyibhile yakhe kwaye baqhubela phambili ukwenza igalelo labo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo zengqondo.
I-Lab yoQeqesho lokuqala kwi-US
Ngowe-1883, umfundi waseWundt uG. Stanley Hall wenza i-lab yokuqala ye-psychology labor lab e-United States kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins. Oku kunceda ukuphawula ukusekwa kwengqondo kwi-US kunye negalelo ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwintsimi.
UWundt, uJames noHolo: Ubani Owokuqala?
Inokumangalisa abaninzi ukuba iWundt okanye iHolo ayikwazi ukubeka kuphela ibango lokuba nebhu yokuqala yebhu okanye ibrabhu yokuqala yaseMelika. Ngomnyaka we-1875, iminyaka emine epheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba iWundt iqulunqe ibhodi yakhe kunye nemibhozo eyisibhozo ngaphambi kokuba iHolo isungulwe, uWilliam James wabumba ityhulo yengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard.
Ngoko kutheni uYakobi engathandeki ngokudala ibhubhoratri yokuqala yehlabathi, okanye ubuncinci, ibhan yeyokuqala yaseMelika? Ngenxa yokuba ibhodi yakhe yayisetyenziselwa ukufundisa imiboniso kunokuba kwenziwe uphando kunye nophando lwangaphambili. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, iWundt neHolo ngokuqhelekileyo zivakaliswe ngokudala i-lab ye-first and second labs psychology.
Ngoko kutheni ukusekwa kwebhu yokuqala kwengqondo yehlabathi kubaluleke kangaka? Kuba ngaphambi kolu xeshanye, ingqondo yengqondo yayisengumntwana kwaye ingabonwa njengento ehlukileyo ngokwayo. Ngokuqulunqa ibhodi yokulinga eyenziwa kwisifundo sesayensi ngengqondo yomntu kunye nokuziphatha kwayo, uWundt wakwazi ukuseka ngokusemthethweni isingeniso sengqondo njengendawo eyahlukeneyo yokufunda.
ILizwi
Iingqondo zanamhlanje zihluke kakhulu kwizinto zokuqala ezinokuthobeka kwilebhu yaseWundt. Nangona lebhu yokuqala yengqondo ibonakala ingafani nakwiilabhu zamanqaku namhlanje, ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili kwimeko yokuhlola kwandinceda indlela yexesha elizayo leengqondo.
Ngokuthatha inzululwazi kwinkcazo yengqondo yomntu kunye nokuziphatha kwayo, i-lab nzima ayifumananga ngokusekwa kwengqondo njengesazinzi ezahlukileyo kwaye zihluke kwiindawo zefilosofi kunye ne-biology. I-lab ye-Wundt yayisetyenziselwa ukukunceda abanye abagqithisi beengqondo abaye banceda ekusasazeni i-psychology emhlabeni wonke. Kungekudala, abanye ama-labs baqala ukuvela ngaphandle kweJamani nase-United States, kuquka nelebhu yengqondo yaseRussia, eChina, eFransi naseCanada.
Iingxelo
Boring, EG, (1960). Imbali yeengqondo zengqondo 2 Ed. Englewood-Cliffs: iPrentice Hall.
U-Bringmann, WG, u-Balance WD, no-Evans RB (1975). UWilhelm Wundt 1832-1920: Umzobo omfutshane wezobugcisa. Umbhalo weMbali yeSayensi zeNtsebenzo, 11 (3), 287-97.
> Shiraev, ER. Imbali Yengqondo: I-Perspective Global. Amawaka ama-Oaks, CA: I-SAGE Publications; 2015.