Iindidi ezi-5 zee-ADHD ezingenasishukumisayo
Nangona ivuselelo zisoloko zikhethwa kuqala ngamachiza asetyenziswa ukunyanga ingqalelo-ukungabi nakwi-disorder / disperactivity disorder (ADHD), kukho imithi emininzi engavuseleliyo enokumiselwa. Ezi ziquka i-atomoxetine, i-tricyclic antidepressants, i-venlafaxine, kunye ne-bupropion. Kulezi zifundo, i-atomoxetine sele isetyenziselwe kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-ADHD kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana, kubonakala kunemiphumo embalwa yecala kune-tricyclic antidepressants, kwaye ibonakala iyasebenza ngakumbi kunokuba i-bupropion.
Izinto ezingenako ukuvuselela zinokumiselwa ukuba awuphendulanga kwiimvuselelo , ukuba iziphumo zecala zezikhuthazo zikhulu kakhulu, ukuba unembali yeemeko ezithile zentliziyo, okanye ukuba unembali yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye i-bipolar disorder.
Atomoxetine
I-Atomoxetine (Igama leBrama: iStrattera) yilungu lokuqala lokungabikho elikhuthazayo eliye lavunyelwa yi-FDA ukunyangwa kwe-ADHD kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala 6. I-Atomoxetine iklasi yeyeza eyaziwa njenge-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba eli liza liphucula iimpawu ze-ADHD kwaye linciphisa ukuziphatha okuchaseneyo kunye nokukhathazeka.
I-Atomoxetine ihluke kwimichiza ekhuthazayo ngeendlela ezininzi. I-Atomoxetine ayibonakali ukuba inokusetyenziswa kakubi, ngoko ke ayikwahlulwa njengezinto ezilawulwayo. Kwakhona kubonakala kunokuqala kokuthatha isenzo xa kuthelekiswa nokuvuselela, okusebenza ngomhla othe wathathwa ngawo, oku kuthetha ukuba umphumo wonyango wokuvuselela unokubonakala ngokukhawuleza xa uthelekiswa ne-atomoxetine.
Kungathabatha ubuncinane iiveki ezintandathu kwi-atomoxetine ukuze kufumaneke umphumo ophezulu wokwelapha. Nangona ziphumo eziphezulu zifikile, kunjalo, zihlala iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku kwaye zinokuthi zithwale iziphumo kwimini elandelayo. I-Atomoxetine kufuneka ithathwe imihla ngemihla, ngelixa i-doses of stimulants ingasenyuka-ngeveki, umzekelo.
Imiphumo emibi ye-atomoxetine ingabandakanya i-stomachaches, ukulahleka kwesisindo ngenxa yokunciphisa isidlo, isisongela, ukuhlanza, isisu, ukukhathala, umlomo owomileyo, ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuphazamiseka nokukhungatheka.
I-Tricyclic Antidepressants
I- tricyclic antidepressants inokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunyango lwe-ADHD ibandakanya i-desipramine (igama lomgama: i-Norpramin), imipramine (iTofranil), kunye ne-amitriptyline (Elavil), kunye ne-nortriptyline (Pamelor). Ezi zintsholongwane zijongwa xa ungakhange uzibonise kakuhle iimpendulo. Kananjalo banokumiselwa ukuba unempawu zokudandatheka okanye uxhalaba ngaphezu kwe-ADHD. I-Tricyclic antidepressants, njengento yokuvuselela, kucatshangelwa ukuba yandise inani le- norepinephrin ebuchosheni. Ngokungafani nokukhuthaza, kungathatha iintsuku eziliqela okanye kwiiveki eziliqela ukufumana iingenelo zonyango ze-tricyclic antidepressants, kodwa xa le nqanaba lifikelelwe, inzuzo yokugqibela yonke imini. I-tricyclic antidepressants kufuneka ithathwe imihla ngemihla. Ukungaphumeleli umthamo okanye ukuyeka iyeza ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela iimpawu kunye nempawu ezifana nezifo, ngoko ke ukuba uya kuphuma kumachiza, kufuneka uhluthwe ngokukhawuleza kwithuba elithile.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zeziphumo zokudambisa i-tricyclic zingabandakanya, ukulala, umlomo owomileyo, ukumbomboza, umbono otyhafayo, izibilini, iintloko, amaphupha acacileyo kunye nokulala.
Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zingabandakanya iingxaki ngentliziyo okanye ngesantya senhliziyo, njengoko i-tricyclic antidepressants inokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa komqondiso wombane entliziyweni. Ukuba kukho imvelaphi yentsapho yeengxaki zentliziyo okanye unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yentliziyo, le michiza kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokulumkisa kunye nokubeka iliso olusondeleyo lwezokwelapha. I-Tricyclic antidepressants inokunyusa umngcipheko wokubanjwa kwezigulane ezineembali zengxaki yokungena. Njengawo onke amayeza, ukusebenzisa i-tricyclic antidepressants kudinga ukuqwalasela okufutshane kunye nokubonisana nogqirha wokumisela.
Bupropion
I-Bupropion (igama lomgama: i-Wellbutrin) luhlobo oluhlukileyo lokuxhatshazwayo oluye lwafunyanwa ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-ADHD kunye nokudakumba kwezigulane ezininzi.
Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya ukukhubeka, ukulahleka kwesisindo ngenxa yokunciphisa ukutya, ukulala, nokunyuka kwezinto ezikhoyo, kwaye kunokubangela ukuba abantu abathile banelisekele ekuthinjeni.
Venlafaxine
I-Venlafaxine (igama lomgama: Effexor) ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-ADHD. Inceda ngokugxininisa kunye nomoya. Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya ukugungqiswa, imiba yokulala, umlomo owomileyo, iingxaki zesini kubantu abadala, isisongela kunye nokuxhalabisa.
Iziyobisi eziNgcinci
Ukongeza kwilezi zilapha ngasentla, iClonidine (igama lomgama: i-Catapres) kunye ne-guanfacine (igama lomnxeba: iTenex), ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD. Bobabini la mayeza aye asetyenziselwa ukuphatha uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kodwa afunyaniswe ukuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ukuxhatshazwa kwemvelo kunye neempawu ezingenangqondo. Ababonakali bephumelele ekuphuculeni iimpawu zokungafanelekanga kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-ADHD xa ungeke ukwazi ukunyamezela okanye ungaphenduli kwiStrattera okanye izikhuthazo.
> Imithombo:
> Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaneNkathazo-Ukulahleka / Ukuxhamla ingxaki (i-CHADD). Ulawulo lweMithi. ICandelo leZiko loLuntu kwi-ADHD. 2017.
> Ikliniki yaseCleveland. Ukunqongophala kweNgxaki yokuXhatshazwa komzimba (ADHD): Utyholongwane olusisigxina (Strattera) kunye nezinye izidakamizwa ze-ADHD. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 18, 2016.