Umzimba usebenzise inani leekhemikhali ezaziwa njenge-neurotransmitters ukuhambisa iimpawu ukusuka kwelinye iseli ukuya kwesinye. Enye yezona zininzi ze-neurotransmitters emzimbeni womntu yi-acetylcholine, ehlala iguqulelwe ngu-ACh. Kukho kwinkqubo yesantya yesiseko (CNS) kunye nenkqubo yentsholongwane ye-peripheral (PNS).
Igama elithi acetylcholine lisuka kwisakhiwo salo.
Liyinkampani yamakhemikhali eyenziwe nge-acetic acid kunye ne-choline. I-synapses ye-Cholinergic yilawo ekudluliselwa kuyo i-acetylcholine.
I-Acetylcholine yafunyaniswa njani?
I-Acetylcholine ayisona kuphela isithunywa seemezi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kwakhona kwakuyeyona ndlela yokuqala ye-neurotransmitter eya kubonwa.
Kwafunyanwa nguHenry Hallett Dale ngo-1914, kwaye ubukho balo buye buqinisekiswa ngu-Otto Loewi. Bobabini abantu banikezwa umvuzo weNobel kwiPhysics / Medicine ngo-1936 ukufumana kwabo.
Ukusebenza kwe-Acetylcholine kwiBhunga
Imisipha
Kwinkqubo yesifo senzondo, le nurotransmitter yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye- nerveous autonomic kwaye isebenza ukwenza usebenze imisipha. Kwi-autonomic system, i-acetylcholine ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ngokusebenza kwi-neurons ye-preganglionic kwiinkqubo zentandane kunye ne-parasympathetic systems.
Kwiinkqubo zesisongela se-peripheral, i-acetylcholine yi-neurotransmitter ehambisa izibonakaliso phakathi kwamagulane kunye nezihlunu zamathambo.
Isebenza kwiinqununu ze-neuromuscular kwaye ivumela i-motor neurons ukuba isebenze isenzo se-muscle. Enye yemisebenzi ephambili ye-acetylcholine kukuba ithwale iimpawu ezisuka kwiimoto ze-neurons ukuya kumzimba wezihlunu zomzimba.
Ngokomzekelo, ingqondo ingathumela isalathisi ukuhambisa ingalo ekunene. Isibonakaliso sithathwa ngamagqabi enomdla kwiinqununu ze-neuromuscular.
Isalathisi sisasazwa kule ngqungquthela nge-neurotransmitter ye-acetylcholine, ebangela impendulo oyifunayo kulezo zihlunu.
Ngenxa yokuba i-acetylcholine idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizenzo ze-muscle, iziyobisi ezichaphazela le nurotransmitter zingabangela izidibaniso ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kokuhamba okanye ukukhubazeka.
I-Brain neCentral System yeNervous
I-Acetylcholine iphinda isebenze kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yesantya. Kwi-CNS, i-acetylcholine ihamba phakathi kwee-neurons ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiindawo zobuchopho ezilawula ukukhuthaza, ukuvusa kunye nokuqwalasela. I-CNS inokuguqulwa kweendlela ezichanekileyo eziye zadibana nokuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer.
Kwingqondo, i-acetylcholine isebenza njenge-neuromodulator. Esikhundleni sokubambisana ngokuthe ngqo kwe-synaptic phakathi kwe-neurons ethile, i-neuromodulators isebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kwi-system ye-nervous. Kwakhona kwi-CNS, i-acetylcholine isebenza njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye-neurotransmitter kwaye idlala indima ekuqwalaselweni nasekuvukeni.
Iziyobisi kunye nezinto eziphazamisa umsebenzi we-acetylcholine zingaba nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni kwaye zingakhokelela ekufeni. Imizekelo yezinto ezinjalo ziquka ezinye iintlobo zee-pesticides kunye negazi.
Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela i- neurotransmitters ezithumela ngayo, ikhulise kwaye ifake imiqondiso kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye nokuba ukungaphumeleli kwezi zithunywa zeekhemikhali zidibene nezifo ezithile.
Imithombo:
IiPops, D., uAgasine, GJ, & Fitzpatrick, D., et al., Eds. Neuroscience . Uhlobo lwesihlanu. Sunderland, MA: Associates Sinates. 2012.
ISegal A. & Sapru HN. I-Neuroscience eyimfuneko. Uluhlu lwesithathu. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2014.
Thompson, RF Ubomi: I-Neuroscience Primer . IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo. 2000.