Isikhokelo soFakelo lwe-APA kunye nesitayela
Ngaba ubhala iphepha leklasi yengqondo? Emva koko uza kufuneka usebenzise ifomathi ye-APA ukulungiselela iphepha lakho kwaye uluhlu lweenkcukacha ozibonisayo. Ukuba awuzange usebenzise le fomathi ngaphambili, unokufumanisa ukuba kuyahluke kakhulu kwezinye iindlela zokubhala kunye nezikhokelo ozisebenzisileyo ngaphambili.
Nangona kungathatha ixesha lokuba ufunde, ukufunda indlela yokubhala iphepha le-APA yikhono eluncedo eliza kukukhonza kakuhle nokuba ungokoqobo lwezengqondo okanye uthatha isigaba sakho sokuqala senzululuntu.
Yintoni i-APA Ifomathi?
Ifomathi ye-APA isitayela esisemthethweni se- American Psychological Association (APA) kwaye isetyenziselwa ukukhankanya imithombo yengqondo , imfundo, kunye neentlalo zesayensi. Isitayela se-APA sivela kwinqaku le-1929 elipapashwe kwi- Psychological Bulletin ebeka izikhokelo ezisisiseko. Ezi zikhokelo zagqitywa ekugqibeleni kwi- APA Manual Manual .
Ngoko kutheni ifomathi ye-APA ibaluleke kakhulu kwizengqondo kunye nakwezinye iinzululwazi zentlalo? Ngokusebenzisa isitayela se-APA, abaphandi nabafundi abhala ngokuphathelene neengqondo bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngolwazi malunga neengcamango zabo kunye nokuvavanya kwifomathi ehambelanayo. Ukunamathela kwisitayela esifanayo kuvumela abafundi ukuba bazi ukuba bakujonga ntoni njengoko befunda amanqaku eendaba kunye nezinye iindlela zokubhala kwengqondo.
Ukuba awuzange uthathe i-psychology okanye iklasi yesayensi yoluntu ngaphambili, ngoko mhlawumbi ujwayele ukusebenzisa isiqulatho sesitayela eyahlukeneyo njenge-MLA okanye isitayela saseChicago.
Abafundi abatsha beekholeji badla ngokumangaliswa xa befumanisa ukuba emva kokuchitha iminyaka abanesinye isakhiwo sokufomathiza kwiintloko zabo, ezininzi iinkalo zeyunivesithi zifuna indawo ye-APA. Ingaba yinguqu enzima, ingakumbi ukuba kufuneka uphumele emva kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqonda ngokucacileyo izinto ezisisiseko kunye nokubeka uphawu oluthile kwizixhobo ezisisiseko ezingundoqo kunokukwenza ukuba le fomati entsha ibe lula.
Iingxenye ezi-4 ezinkulu zePhepha lakho
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iphepha lakho kufuneka libandakanye amacandelo amane aphezulu: isihloko sephepha, esingabonakaliyo, icandelo eliphambili, kunye noluhlu lweenkcukacha.
1. Isihloko sephepha
Ikhasi lakho lesicatshulwa kufuneka libe nekhanda elifanelekileyo, isihloko, igama lomlobi, kunye nokusebenzisana kwesikolo. Injongo yesikhokelo sakho kwiphepha ukuvumela umfundi ukuba azi ukuba liphi iphepha lakho kwaye ngubani ebhaliwe nguye. Funda kabanzi malunga nokubhala iphepha lephepha lefomathi yeAAPA .
2. Abstract
Isicatshulwa esifutshane sephepha lakho elikhawuleza lilandela iphepha lakho lephepha. Ngokwefomathi ye-APA, i-abstract yakho ayifanele ibe ngamazwi angama-150 kuya kuma-250 nangona oku kuyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kwimpapasho ethile okanye iimfuno zomfundi. Funda kabanzi malunga nokubhala ifomati ye-APA .
3. IQumrhu Eliphambili
Ngento efana nesicatshulwa, iqumrhu eliphambili lephepha lakho liya kubandakanya incoko yangempela ngokwayo. Ukuba ubhala ingxelo yebhubhile , ngoko umzimba wakho oyintloko uza kuphulwa ukuya kumacandelo angaphezulu. Iingxenye ezine eziphambili zengxelo yebhanki ziquka ukuqaliswa , indlela , iziphumo , kunye namacandelo okuxoxa.
4. Iingcaciso
Icandelo lokubhekisela kwiphepha lakho liya kubandakanya uluhlu lwemithombo yonke oyisebenzisileyo iphepha lakho.
Ukuba uthe wacacisa naluphi na uluhlu lweenkcukacha naphi na kwiphepha, kufuneka lichazwe ngokufanelekileyo kweli candelo. Umgaqo owodwa osebenzayo wesohlwayo ukukhumbula ukuba naluphi na umthombo okhankanywe kwiphepha lakho kufuneka ufakwe kwicandelo lakho lokubhekisa, kwaye nayiphi na imithombo ebhalwe kwicandelo lakho lokubhekisa kufuneka likhankanywe kwenye indawo kwiphepha lakho.
Indlela yokusingatha kwi-Text Citations kwi-APA Ifomathi
Njengoko ubhala iphepha lakho, kubalulekile ukubandakanya izivakalisi kwisicatshulwa sakho ukuchonga apho ufumene khona ulwazi olusebenzisayo. Iinkcazo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba yi-text quotes, kwaye ifomathi ye-APA icacisa ukuba xa ukhankanya kwifomathi ye-APA kwiphepha lephepha lakho, sebenzisa igama lomlobi lilandelwe ngumhla wokupapashwa.
Umzekelo, ukuba uthetha incwadi kaGigmund Freud Ukuchazwa kweeNkolelo , uya kusebenzisa le fomati elandelayo: (Freud, 1900). Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nomthombo kufuneka luvele kwisiqendu sakho sereferensi.
Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo zePA Reference Style Reference
- Izikhokelo zakho maziqale kwiphepha elitsha. Isihloko kwiphepha elitsha "Iingxelo" kwaye ubeka isihloko sesicatshulwa phezulu kwiphepha.
- Zonke izibhengezo mazibekwe kwi-alfabhethi.
- Umgca wokuqala wesalathisi kufuneka uhluthe umda osekhohlo. Umnye umgca owongezelelweyo kufuneka ube ne-indented (ngokuqhelekileyo ufezekiswe ngokusebenzisa i-key TAB.)
- Nangona iinguqu zangaphambili zefomathi ye-APA zifuna kuphela esinye isikhala emva kwesigwebo ngasinye, ukushicilelwa kwintshukumo yesithandathu yesicatshulwa sesitayela ngoku kuncomela izikhala ezimbini.
- Icandelo lokubhekisa kufuneka libe liphindwe kabini.
- Yonke imithombo ecatshulweyo ifanele ibonakale kokubhaliweyo kunye nakwiphepha lokubhekisa. Naliphi na isalathiso ebonakala kwingxelo yenkcazo yakho okanye inqaku kufuneka icatshulwe kwiphepha lokubhekisa , kwaye nayiphi na into ebonakala kwiphepha lakho lokubhekisa kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo ethile kumzimba wesicatshulwa sakho.
- Izihloko zeencwadi, amaphephancwadi, amaphephancwadi kunye namaphephandaba kufuneka avele kwiimpawu.
- Uhlobo oluthile lomntu ngamnye luyakwazi ukuhluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba ubeka umlobi okanye ababhali , incwadi okanye iphepha lendaba , okanye umthombo wekhompyutha . Ihlawulela ukuchitha ixesha elithile ukujonga iimfuno ezithile kwindlela nganye yesalathisi ngaphambi kokufomatha uluhlu lwenkcazelo yakho.
Zininzi Izinto ezincedisayo
Ukuba unenkinga yefomathi ye-APA okanye ufuna indlela efanelekileyo yokuqokelela kunye nokuququzelela iingxelo zakho njengoko usebenza kuphando lwakho, cinga ukusebenzisa umatshini we-APA wesicatshulwa samahhala. Ezi zixhobo ze-intanethi zingancedisa ukuvelisa isitayela se-APA, kodwa khumbula ukuba uhlolisise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamnye ukuchaneka.
Ukuthengwa kwekopi yakho yeNcwadi yoLuntu yaseburhulumenteni yombutho we-American Psychological Association yindlela enhle yokufunda ngokubanzi ngefomathi ye-APA kwaye ube nesisombululo esipheleleyo sokujonga umsebenzi wakho. Ukujonga imizekelo yefomathi ye-APA inokukunceda kakhulu.
Nangona iifomati ze-APA zingabonakala ziyinkimbinkimbi, kuya kuba lula xa uzijwayeza ngemigaqo kunye nefomathi. Ifomathi jikelele ingafana namaphepha amaninzi, kodwa umyalelo wakho unokufumana iimfuno ezithile ezifaniyo nokuba uya kubhala isicatshulwa okanye iphepha lophando. Ukongeza kwiphepha lakho lokubhaliweyo, umyalelo wakho unokufuna ukuba ugcine kwaye uphendule kwi- APA yefomathi yenkcazelo .
> Umthombo:
> I-American Psychological Association. Umqulu wokupapashwa we-American Psychological Association (6th ed.). IWashington DC: I-American Psychological Association; 2010.