Ingqwalaselo yeZonyango zokuPhukisa

Ukuxinezeleka kuyaphathwa kwaye abaninzi abantu babona ukuphucula kwiimpawu zabo xa baphathwa ngamachiza, i- psychotherapy , okanye ukudibanisa ezimbini.

Kodwa unyango kufuneka lube ngumntu ngamnye. Oko kusebenza kumntu omnye kunokuthi akufuneki ukusebenzela omnye. Kubalulekile ukuthetha neqela lakho logqirha kunye nonyango malunga naluphi ukhetho olunokusebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukudandatheka kwakho.

Iintlobo zeeNgqondo zee-Psychotherapy ezisebenzayo zokuPhukisa

Igama elithi "unyango" lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Iingcali ze-Psychotherapists zihlala zisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwonyango ukunyangwa kwengcinezelo. Abanye babo basebenzisa indlela ye-eclectic, esekelwe kwiimfuno zonyango lwabaxumi.

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, uphando olwenziwa ngo-2013 luhlolisise ukuba zeziphi iindlela eziphambili zonyango ukuphumelela. Abaphengululi bafumene ukuba ezi zilandelayo zonyango zisebenza ngokulinganayo ekunciphiseni ukudandatheka:

1. Ulwaphulo lwabantu abaphakathi luba mfutshane ngexesha elide. Iiseshoni zenziwe kakuhle. Isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ulwalamano lwakho lusephambi kokudandatheka. Injongo yonyango kukunceda izigulane ziphucule izakhono, ezifana nezakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxabano.
2. Ulwaphulo lokuziphatha oluthile lwenkcazo lujolise ekuncedeni abantu ukuchonga nokubuyisela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha eziqinisa imizwa yokudandatheka. Ngokuqhelekileyo lixesha elifutshane kwaye lijolise kwiingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nokufundisa izakhono.

1. Izakhono zentlalo zonyango zifundisa izigulane indlela yokuseka ubudlelwane obuhle. Injongo yilezigulane ukuphucula unxibelelwano kwaye ufunde indlela yokwakha intlalo enxibelelwano olomeleleyo nabantu ngabanye ngokusekelwe kukunyaniseka nokuhlonipha.
2. I -rapy ye-Psychodynamic idla ngokubonakalayo kwiimifanekiso okanye kwi-culture. Kubandakanyeka ukunceda izigulane zihlolisise izilonda zabo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nokungafihliyo. Injongo kukunceda abantu bafunde indlela ukuxinezeleka kwabo kuhambelana namava adlulileyo kunye neengxabano ezingaphendululwanga. Umgqirha unceda izigulana zijongene nale micimbi ukuze ziqhubele phambili ngendlela evelisayo.

1. Ukucebisa okuxhasayo kungabonakali kwaye kugxininise ekuphulaphuleni isiguli. Izigulane ziyamenywa ukuba zijongane nantoni na into abafuna ukuthetha ngayo kwaye umgqirha usebenzisa ububele ukubonelela nokuqonda.
2. Ukusebenza komsebenzi kuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi emnandi. Umgqirha ufuna ukunyusa ukusebenzisana okulungileyo phakathi kwesigulane kunye nendalo. Ngokuzibandakanya kunye nokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi enokuzonwabisa, iimpawu zokudakumba zingancitshiswa.
3. Ingxaki yokulungisa ingxaki ijolise ukuchaza iingxaki zesigulane. Emva koko, izixazululo ezininzi zenziwa. Umgqirha unceda isigulane ukuhlola iindlela kwaye ukhethe isisombululo.

Intsapho okanye iTyhapha

Intsapho okanye unyango oluthile lunokuqwalaselwa xa uxinzelelo luchaphazela abanye ekhaya. Ulwaphulo olubandakanya amanye amalungu omndeni ugxininisa ubudlelwane obunxulumano.

Iindima ezidlalwa ngamalungu entsapho ahlukeneyo kwixinzelelo zesigulane zingahlolwa. Imfundo malunga nokudakumba ngendlela eqhelekileyo ingaba yinxalenye yonyango lwentsapho.

Bhedlele

Izibhedlele zingaba yimfuneko xa kubonwa ukuba isigulane senze ingozi kuye okanye kwabanye. Isigulane esicinga ngokuzibulala, umzekelo, sinokufuna i-hospital hospital hospital.

Isibhedlele singabandakanya unyango ngamnye, unyango lwentsapho, kunye neyeza zonyango. Isigulana sinokumiselwa imithi.

Xa isigulane sikhuselekile ukuba sishiye esibhedlele, isicwangciso esibhedlele sonyango, njengesibhedlele esincinci sinokucetyiswa. Ezi nkonzo zenzeka kwiiyure eziliqela ngosuku ukuxhasa ukubuyiswa komntu ekudakaleni kwabo.

Mayeza

Kukho amayeza amaninzi ahlukeneyo anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zokudakumba. Uninzi lweziphumo zifumene unyango lunempumelelo xa lusetyenziswa ngokubambisana neyeza. Nazi ezinye iiklasi zamachiza eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ukuphatha uxinzelelo:

• I-Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - yayiphakathi kwezinto zokuqala ezixhaswa yi-antidepressants. Zinemiphumo engaphezulu yecala kunezidalwa zokudandathelanisa ezintsha kodwa zingakwazi ukusebenza ngakumbi kwizigulane ezithile. Ezi ziquka i-Elavil (i-amitriptyline), iTofranil (imipramine) ne-Pamelor (nortriptyline).
• I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) - yinto enye endala yexinzelelo. Ukuba uthatha i-MAOI, kuya kufuneka ulandele imimiselo ethile yokutya ukukhusela impendulo engabangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ngokusebenzisana namanye amachiza. Njengama-tricyclics, oku aqhelekanga kusetyenziswa umgca wokuqala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luncedo kunzima kuninzi ukuphatha. I-MAOI iquka uMarplan (isocarboxazid), uNardil (phenelzine) kunye neParnate (tranylcypromine).
• I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (iSRRIs) ekhethiweyo-iyona mithi eqhelekileyo echanekileyo yokudandatheka namhlanje. Iprozac (i-fluoxetine), i-Paxil (i-paroxetine), i-Zoloft (i-sertraline) i-Celexa (citalopram) kunye ne-Luvox (i-fluvoxamine) iqhelekileyo ngamagama amagama. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi ezixinzelelekileyo, ii-SSRI zivame ukuba nemiphumo embalwa yecala. I-SSRI ayifanele ibekwe ngokubambisana nama-MAOI asele adala ngenxa yekhono eliphezulu le-serotonin ekwakheni, engabangela i- serotonin syndrome .
• I-Serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs) - uhlobo olutsha lwe-anti-depressant olusebenza ngokufanayo kwi-SSRIs kuphela kwaye lukhusela ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-norepinephrine kunye ne-serotonin. Amachiza aqhelekileyo kule klasi yi-Effexor (venlafaxine), i-Cymbalta (duloxetine) ne-Pristiq (deslavenfaxine).
• I-Norepinephrine kunye ne-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) - I-Wellbutrin (bupropion) iseklasini yonke ngokwayo. I-Wellbutrin ayinakuncipha ukuba ibe nemiphumela yecala yezesondo eqhelekileyo kwezinye izidandlululo.

Amacandelo okunceda

Izindlela zokuzinceda zokunyanga ukuxinezeleka kunokunceda umntu ongenakukwazi ukufikelela kwimithombo yolwazi okanye kumntu onempawu ezintle. Izicwangciso zokunceda zingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Amaqela enkxaso - Avumela ukuba uthethe nabanye abantu abanokubambisana nemicimbi kunye neempawu ozifumanayo. Abantu abaninzi babika amaqela okuxhasa abaqinisekisa ukuba abawodwa kunye nokubonelela ngeengcamango nezibonelelo.
• Izixhobo ze-intanethi - Zininzi iiwebhusayithi, iifayili, kunye neeprogram ze-intanethi ezinceda ngokukodwa abantu abanexinzelelo.
• Iincwadi zokunceda- Iincwadi zinokunika ezininzi izakhono ezifanayo abantu abazenzayo kunyango kodwa kufuna ukuba abafundi bakwazi ukufaka ulwazi kwiimpilo zabo. Iincwadi ezininzi zokunceda zifumaneka mahhala ngamathala eencwadi.

> Imithombo:

> I-Arroll B, uElley CR, i-Fishman T, i-Goodyear-Smith FA, uKenealy T, uBlashki G et al. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-placebo yokudakumba kwiinkathalo zokuqala. I-Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (3).

> Barth JCBC, uMunder T, uGerger H, et al. UkuPhathiswa koPhulo lweZingqinisiso ezisixhenxe zeengqondo zengqondo kubantu abagulayo ngokuxinezeleka: I-Network Meta-Analysis. Plos . 2013; 14 (2): 229-243.