Ingxelo Yogqirha-Jikelele INgxelo ichaza i-Pathology of Addiction
Enye yeengxaki ekuqapheliseni ukusetyenziswa kotywala njengesifo kuvele kucace nje. Ayiboni, isandi, ivumba kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayisenzi njengesifo. Ukwenza izinto zibe zibi nakakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo, ziphika ukuba zikhona kwaye zichasa unyango.
Utywala luye lwaqatshelwa iminyaka emininzi ngemibutho yezobuchwephesha njengophuhliso olusisiseko, olungapheliyo, oluqhubekayo kunye nolunye olubulalayo.
IBhunga likaZwelonke malunga nokuTywala nokuThengiswa kweMithi linikeza inkcazo epheleleyo kwaye epheleleyo yokusela utywala, kodwa mhlawumbi indlela elula kakhulu yokuyichaza "yinto yokuphosa kwengqondo eyenza ukunyanzeliswa ngokomzimba."
Ukuphosa kwengqondo? Ngaba uke wavuka ekuseni ngengoma idlala ngaphaya kwentloko yakho? Kungenzeka ukuba yi-jingle yezorhwebo owawuvayo kumabonwakude okanye ingoma kwirediyo, kodwa yaqhubeka idlala ... kwaye idlala kwaye idlala.
Ingqondo Yengqondo
Khumbulani ukuba kwakunjani? Kungakhathaliseki ukuba wenzani, loo ngoma yecala yayilokhu idlala. Ungazama ukumemeza umkhosi okanye ucule enye ingoma okanye uvula umsakazo uze uphulaphule enye ityhuna, kodwa enye entloko yakho yaqhubeka idlala. Ycinge. Kukho into eqhubekayo engqondweni yakho ukuba awuzange uyibeke apho kwaye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wawuzama kangakanani, awukwazi ukuphuma!
Lo ngumzekelo wentsingiselo elula yengqondo - inkqubo yokucinga ongenakho ukulawula.
Unjalo uhlobo lwesifo sotywala . Xa ukusela "ingoma" iqala ukudlala kwingqondo yomnxila, unamandla. Akazange ayibeke ingoma apho kwaye indlela yodwa yokwenza ukuba imise ukuthabatha olunye uphuzo.
Ingxaki yintliziyo yobunxila obunxilisayo kunye notywala kakhulu kunengoma edlala engqondweni yakhe.
Enyanisweni, mhlawumbi akanakukwazi ukuba kukho. Yonke into eyaziyo ukuba ngokukhawuleza unomdla wokusela isiphuzo - ukunyanzeliswa ngokomzimba ukusela.
I-Neurobiology yoTywala
Ngonyaka we-2016, i-US Surgeon General yanikezela ingxelo, "Ukujongana nomlutha eMelika: Ingxelo yeDioron General on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health," apho iinkcukacha zenguqu ezenzeka kwimimandla yengqondo yomntu Umlwelwe kwicandelo elinesihloko esithi, "I-Neurobiology yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ukusetyenziswa kakubi, nokutshabalalisa."
Ngokombiko, ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubangelwa kukutshintsha kwengqondo efumaneka ngokusetyenziswa ngokutsha kotywala okanye iziyobisi. Ezi zinguqu zenzeka kwiisekethe zengqondo ezibandakanyekayo kwintlalo, ukufunda, uxinzelelo, ukwenza izigqibo, nokuzithiba.
Inkqubo yoNcedo echaphazelekayo ngokusetyenziswa kwakhona
Xa umntu ephuza utywala-okanye athatha iziyobisi njenge-opioids okanye i-cocaine-ivelisa i-dopamine engummangaliso kwi-basal ganglia yengqondo, indawo yengqondo ejongene nokulawula umvuzo kunye nokukwazi ukufunda ngokusekelwe kwimbuyekezo.
Ngokusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kotywala okanye iziyobisi, iisensi ze-nerve kwi-basal ganglia "zikhawuleza" ukuqonda kwabo kwi-dopamine, ukunciphisa amandla okuphuza ukuvelisa "okuphakamileyo" okuye kwavelisa.
Oku kubizwa ukuba kwakhiwe ukunyamezela kotywala kwaye kubangelwa ukuba abaphuzayo badle imali eninzi ukuba bazive ngendlela efanayo.
Umgangatho woBomi ochaphazelekayo
Ezi zi-neurotransmitter ezifanayo zibandakanyeka ekunandeleni ukuzonwabisa ezivela kwiziqhelo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokutya ukutya, ukulala ngesondo kunye nokubandakanya intsebenziswano yentlalontle.
Xa le nkqubo yokuvuza iphazamiseka ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye umlutha, kunokubangela ukuba umntu athabatheke ngaphantsi kweminye imida yobomi nangona bangaphuzanga okanye basebenzise iziyobisi, ngokwemibiko yeDigeon General.
Ukusela okuxhunyiwe kwizinye iinqununu
Olunye utshintsho olusenokubangela ukuphuza okungapheliyo kukuthi "uqeqeshwe" ingqondo ukudibanisa umxhelo lomntu ophumelelayo ngokusela kunye nezinye "iingcamango" ebomini bokusela.
Abahlobo abaphuza nabo, iindawo abaya kuzo ukusela, iglasi okanye isitya esiyiphuzayo, kwaye nayiphi na imasiko abangayenza ngokuphathelele ukusela kwabo bonke banokuxhamla kunye nokuzonwabisa abavakalelwa xa besela.
Ngenxa yokuba amaninzi amanqaku ebomini babo izikhumbuzo zokusela kwabo, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuba bangacingi ngokusela.
Shayela ukuPhepha ubuhlungu
Nangona i-dopamine yokudlulisela ingqondo isishukumisela ukuba sifune ukuzonwabisa, iingxaki ze-neurotransmitters ezifunyenwe kwingingqi ye-amygdala yengqondo iqhubekile ukuba sigweme ubuhlungu kunye namava angamnandi. Ababambisana nathi basenza.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, kubandakanywa nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kotywala, kunokuphazamisa ukulinganisela okuqhelekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini zokuqhuba, uphando lufumene.
UkuPhepha Ubunzima bokuKhutshwa
Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kotywala kuphazamiseka kuqhubekela phambili kubunzima kuya kwi-moderation ukuya kunzima, amava aphuzayo akhula xa ehla Iimpawu zokurhoxiswa kotywala zingaba nzima okanye zibuhlungu.
Ifika kwinqanaba lokuba into kuphela ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lweempawu zokuyeka ukusela utywala kakhulu. Ngelo nqanaba, loo mntu akasasayi kusela ukuzonwabisa. Enyanisweni, ukusela kusenokungabikho mva. Umntu oselayo uselayo ukuze aphephe intlungu, kungekhona ukuphakama.
Umjikelo woMlutha
Utywala a kasakwazi ukufikelela ephakamileyo abaye bafumana ngayo ngenxa yokunyamezela kwabo, kodwa i-lows abayifumanayo xa bengaphuzeli ukuphuza baba ngaphantsi. Eminye iminqophiso ebomini eyayiye yavuya kwaye iyalungelelanisa i-lows ayisayi kwenza njalo kule ngongoma.
Xa abaphuza bebesenempilo, banokulawula ukucinga kwabo ukuba baphuze ngenxa yokuba isigwebo kunye nezicwangciso zokuthatha izigqibo ze-cortex yazo ziyakulinganisa loo mizamo. Kodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kuye kwaphazamisa izijikelezo zabo.
Xa oko kwenzeka, uphando lubonisa, izidakwa kunye nezilutha zinamandla okunciphisa ukulawula ukucinga kwabo ngamandla xa beqonda ukuba ukuyeka kukubaluleke kakhulu. Kule ngongoma, inkqubo yabo yomvuzo isifo se-pathological, okanye ngamanye amazwi, isifo.
Ukuzilawula Ukuzimela Kuchazwe
Ingxelo Yogqirha Yogqirha Yogqirha ye-neurobiology yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ichaza ukuba umntu ongenalo utshatyalazi akakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinempilo ngale ndlela:
Le nto ichaza ukuba kutheni ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa kuthiwa kubandakanye ukuzithiba, "kusho ingxelo. "Akusikho ukulahlekelwa okupheleleyo kwabantu abanezigqithisi-ezixhatshazwayo ziphendulela zabo izenzo, kodwa bancinci kakhulu ukugqithisa i-drive enamandla ukuba bafune ukuxothwa ekuxothweni okwenziwe ngotywala okanye iziyobisi."
"Kulo lonke ixesha, abantu abanezidakamizwa abazama ukuyeka ukufumana isigqibo sabo sengxaki. Nangona banokumelana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala ixesha elithile, ngandlela-thile ukufunwa okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ziinkalo ezininzi ebomini babo kunokusombulula isisombululo sabo, ngokubuyisela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa, okanye kubuya kwakhona, "kuchaza ingxelo.
Izifo eziqhubekayo
Ukuqulunqa ingxaki yinto eqhubekayo yesifo. Kwizigaba zalo zokuqala, ukuthatha isiselo esisodwa okanye ezimbini kunokubakho konke okufunekayo ukufumana "ingoma" ukuyeka. Kodwa kungekudala kuthatha ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe kwaye kamva mhlawumbi zilishumi okanye ezilishumi elinesibini. Endaweni ethile ngaphantsi komgwaqo, ixesha elilodwa le ngoma liyayeka xa ephuma.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kucocekile kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngexesha elinjalo ixesha elide, kangangokuba kwanokuba umtywala ngokwakhe akazange akwazi ukubona ingqalelo apho alahlekelwa khona ukulawula - kwaye utywala wayithatha-ubomi bakhe.
Akumangalisi ukukhanyela kukubonakalisa uphawu lwesifo. Kwabo bafikelele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba banenkinga, uncedo lunokuthi lube lunjengephepha elimhlophe kwirejista yefoni. Kodwa kulabo abafuna uncedo kwaye abayifuni, ukungenelela kunokuphela kokunye.
Unayo ingxaki yokusela? Unokufuna ukuthatha i- Quiz Alcohol Abuse Screening Quiz ukubona indlela othelekisa ngayo.
Imithombo:
ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (HHS), i-Ofisi yoMgqirha Jikelele, "Ukujongana nomlingo eMelika: Ingxelo yeDioron General Report on Alcohol, iDrugs, kunye neMpilo, iSishwankathelo seSigqeba." Washington, DC: HHS, ngoNovemba 2016.
ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (HHS), i-Ofisi yoMgogodli Jikelele, "Ukujongana nokuLungiswa kweMithi eMelika: Ingxelo yeDionon General General on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health." Washington, DC: HHS, ngoNovemba 2016.