Ukudibanisa ukuziphatha kunye neyeza zonyango kusebenza kakhulu
Ukuyeka i-heroin kunokuba nzima kakhulu, kodwa kwabo banomnqweno wokunyanzela okanye ukukhuthaza ukuyeka, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwelapha ezikhoyo kunye nokubuyiswa okunokwenzeka. Ezi ziquka zombini iindlela zokuziphatha kunye neyeza zonyango.
Zombini iindlela zokwenza unyango, ukuziphatha kunye ne-pharmacological, zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ukudibanisa ezimbini iintlobo zonyango kusebenza kakhulu kubasebenzisi be-heroin.
Iinkqubo zonyango ezipheleleyo zijongwa ngokufanelekileyo xa zingabancedi kuphela ukuba umlutha ungabikho, kodwa kuxhomekeke kumntu, kwakhona kubuyisela izinga "lokuqheleka" ekusebenzeni kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha, ukwandisa izinga lokuqeshwa, ukunciphisa ingozi ye-HIV kunye nezinye izifo, kwaye ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi.
Ukuxutyushwa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abasebenzisi be-heroin baya kuhamba ngeprojekification program ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo yabo yonyango yexesha elide. Ngethuba lokuxutywa kwe-detoxification, ngamanye amaxesha izigulane zinikezelwa ngamachiza ukunciphisa iimpawu zokurhoxisa , ezinokubandakanya intlungu, isifo sohudo, isisongela kunye nokuhlanza.
Nangona inkqubo yokuxutywa kwe-detoxification ngokwayo ayiyinkqubo yokunyanga umlutha , ingaba isinyathelo sokuqala esilungileyo xa ilandelwa yonyango yokuziphatha okanye unyango lwezonyango, ngokubhekiselele kwiSizwe seSizwe malunga nokuphandwa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Unyango lwe-Pharmacological
Amachiza avunyelwe ukunyangwa komsebenzi we-heroin umlutha nge-opioid receptors efanayo kwi-brainin eyenziwa yi-heroin, kodwa ikhuselekile.
Ezi zonyango ziyahlula zibe ziintlobo ezintathu: i-agonist, eyenza i-opioid receptors; i-agonist eyingxenye, eyenza i-opioid receptors isebenze kodwa ivelise impendulo engaphantsi; kunye nabachasayo, obangela ukuba i-receptor ibe yimiphumo emivuzo ye-opioids.
Amachiza afunyenwe ukuba aphumelele kwiyeza lika-heroin ziquka:
I-Methadone (i-Dolophine okanye i-Methadose) yi-opioid agonist ethathwa ngomlomo kwaye, ngoko ke, i-slow-acting. Isebenza ngokunciphisa "phezulu" ukuba abasebenzisi be-heroin bavavanye ngeli xesha bekhusela iimpawu zokuyeka.
I-Methadone ihanjiswa kwizigulane imihla ngemihla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezivunyiweyo zonyango zonyango . Owona mdala kunonyango lwezokwelapha kwi-heroin , kodwa kuseyona ndlela efanelekileyo kwizigulane ezingaphenduli kakuhle kwamanye amayeza, ngokweNIDA.
I-Buprenorphine (i-Subutex®) i-opioid agonist. Isebenza ngokunciphisa isifiso se heroin ngaphandle "kokuphakama" okanye kwimiphumo eyingozi yecalapioids.
I-Suboxone yileyeza equkethe i-buprenorphine kunye ne-naloxone, ethathwa ngomlomo okanye ngezantsi. Yenzelwe ukuthintela iinzame zezigulana ukuba ziphakame ngokufaka injini kwisiza . Ukuba i-Suboxone ijojowe, ivelisa iimpawu zokuhoxisa umsebenzisi engaboniyo xa bethatha imithi ngomlomo njengoko kuchazwe.
I-Buprenorphine ivunyelwe ukuba imiselwe ngamagqirha aqinisekisiweyo, ukwenza uhambo ngalunye kwikliniki ngokungadingekile njengoko kufuneka nge methadone. Oku kwenza ukuba unyango lufikeleleke ngakumbi kune-methadone. Iinguqu zamaGeneric zeSuboxone nazo ziyafumaneka, okwenza kube yindlela ephantsi kakhulu.
I-Naltrexone (i-Depade okanye i-Revia) ngumphikisi we- opioid . Isebenza ngokuthintela isenzo se-opioids kwingqondo. I-Naltrexone ayilumlutha, ihlalisa kwaye ayivelisi ukuxhomekeka komzimba.
Omnye umda wokusebenza kwe-Naltrexone uye ukuthotyelwa kwesigulane, kodwa inyathelo elide, inguqu ye-injection (Vivitrol) enokulawulwa kanye ngenyanga iye yaphucula ukuthotyelwa kwesigulane ngokuphelisa amayeza omhla ngemihla.
Iindlela zokuziphatha zoHlomelo lweHerin
Kukho unyango oluninzi lokuziphatha olutholakalayo lwe-heroin umlutha ofunyenwe ngempumelelo ngophando lwe-NIDA. Zifumaneka kwizicwangciso zombini zokuhlala kunye neziphene.
Ezi zimbini zendlela zilawulo kunye nokuphathwa kwengqondo.
Kwiprogram yokulawulwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, izigulane zifumana amanqaku kwi-voucher-based system kwinkqubo yesicatshulwa ngasinye. Iintshuwutsha zingatshintshana ngezinto ezikhuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo.
Ngonyango lwezengqondo-zokuziphatha , izigulane zifundiswa izakhono zokuxinzelela uxinzelelo kwaye zifunde ukuguqula ukulindela nokuziphatha okuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi .
Uphando lwe-NIDA lufumene ukuba ezi zimbini zonyango ziza kusebenza ngokuthe ngempumelelo xa zidibaniswa neyeza zonyango.
Imithombo:
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. "Heroin." Uluhlu lweeNgxelo zoPhando olulungiswe ngoJanuwari 2014
Ubambiswano kwiDrugFree.org. "Heroin." Isikhokelo seziyobisi .