Ngomxholo we-1996 Ubunjiniyela: Umsebenzi kunye neBantu abangama-91 abaPhezulu , isazi sezengqondo esifanelekileyo uMihaly Csikszentmihalyi sicebisa ukuba "kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu, ubuchule buza kufikelele ekunikezeni ukuzaliseka sonke esinethemba lokufikelela ebomini bethu."
Ubunono busenza sikwazi ukwelula iingqondo, ukwenza izinto ezintsha kunye nezinto ezonwabileyo, kwaye sizibandakanye ngendlela esithatha isinyathelo esisondeleyo ekufikeleleni ekusebenzeni kwethu ngokupheleleyo.
Ngoko ke yintoni na eyenza umntu enze izinto zokudala? Ngaba abanye abantu bazalwa nje ngaloo ndlela, okanye ngaba ingqondo onokuyihlakulela njengento ye-muscle?
I-Csikszentmihalyi iphakamisa ukuba abanye abantu banayo into abhekisela kuyo njengobuntu bokudala. Nangona abanye ngokuqinisekileyo beza ngeentlobo zendalo ngokwezinto eziqhelekileyo, kubandakanywa ezimbalwa kule mihla yokudala kwimpilo yakho yemihla ngemihla kunokukunceda ukuba ufezekise ubuchule bakho bokudala.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nophando lweCsikszentmihalyi kunye nezakhono ezilishumi ezikholelwa ukuba abantu abadalileyo banayo.
1 - Abantu abaBumbayo banamandla, kodwa bagxininiswe
Abantu abalingileyo banamandla amakhulu, okwenyama nangokwengqondo. Basenokuchitha iiyure basebenzelana nento enye egcina ingqalelo yabo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi bahlala benomdla ngalo lonke ixesha. Oku akuthethi ukuba abantu bokudala abanomdla okanye abanomntu. Bachitha ixesha elininzi ekuphumleni, becinga ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokucamngca ngezinto eziba nomdla wabo.
2 - Abantu abaBumbayo baBuhlakani, kodwa baNge
Abantu abalingileyo bavame ukuba bahlakaniphile, kodwa uphando lubonisile ukuba ukuba ne- IQ ephezulu kakhulu ayihambelani nemilinganiselo ephezulu yokuphumelela ukudala. Kwixesha lika-Lewis Terman elidumileyo lokufunda abantwana abanesakhono, umzekelo, abantwana abakhulu be-IQ baboniswa ukuba benze ngcono ebomini ngokubanzi, kodwa abo abane- IQ ephezulu babengabalulekanga kakuhle. Bambalwa kulabo babandakanyekayo kulolu cwaningo babonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okuphumelela kwezobugcisa kamva ebomini.
I-Csikszentmihalyi iphawula ukuba uphando lubonisa ukuba kubonakala sengathi kukho i-cutoff point engama-120. Ukuba ne-intelligence ephezulu kunokuba negalelo ekudaleni ubuchule, kodwa ukuba ne-IQ ngaphezu kwe-120 akuyikhokelela ekudaleni okukhulu.
Kunoko, iCsikszentmihalyi ibonisa ukuba ubuchule bubandakanya isixa esithile sobulumko kunye nobuntwana. Abantu abalingileyo bahlakaniphile, kodwa banako ukugcina ingqiqo yabo, ukufuna ukwazi, kunye nokukwazi ukujonga ihlabathi ngamehlo amatsha.
3 - Abantu abaBumbayo bayadlala, kodwa baqeqeshiwe
UCsikszentmihalyi uqaphele ukuba isimo sengqondo esidlalayo sesinye sezibonakaliso zobuqili, kodwa olu lukhuni kunye nenjabulo lubonakaliswa ngumgangatho omkhulu wokunyamezela - ukunyamezela .
Xa basebenzayo kwiprojekthi, abantu abadala bavame ukubonisa ukuzimisela nokunyaniseka. Baya kusebenzela iiyure kwinto ethile, bahlala behlala ngokukhawuleza baze bahluthe ngomsebenzi wabo.
Khawuqwalasele oko uza kucinga xa udibana nomntu ongumculi. Phezulu, kuyavakala kokubili okuthabisayo, ukuthandana, kunye nokuhle. Kwaye abaninzi, ukuba ngumculi ngokuqinisekileyo uquka into eninzi yolonwabo. Kodwa ukuba ngumculi ophumeleleyo unomsebenzi omningi, oko abantu abaninzi abangaboniyo. Umntu odala, nangona kunjalo, uyaqonda ukuba ubuchule bokwenene bubandakanya ukudibanisa kokuzonwabisa nokusebenza kanzima.
4 - Abantu abaBantu abaBantu abaBucala baPhupha
Abantu abalingayo bathanda ukuhamba ngemini kwaye bacinge ngamathuba kunye neemangaliso zehlabathi. Banokuzicwilisa kwiingcamango nangengcamango, kodwa bahlale bekelwe enyanisweni. Bavame ukuchazwa njengabaphuphi, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba bahlala kunye neentloko zabo emafini. Iintlobo zobumba, ezivela kwisayensi ukuya kubaculi, kuba neziphakamiso zokucinga kwiimeko zehlabathi zangempela.
"Ubugcisa obukhulu kunye nesayensi enkulu kubandakanya ukugqithisa kweengcamango kwihlabathi elihluke ngoku," kuchaza uCsikszentmihalyi. "Bonke abantu bahlala bejonga le ngcamango njengengqiqo ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwimeko yangoku. Kwaye kunjalo. Kodwa yonke imbono yobugcisa kunye nesayensi kukuba ihambe ngaphaya koko esiyicinga ngokwenene kwaye yenze into entsha. "
5 - Abantu abaBumbayo bayaphakanyiswa kwaye bavunywa
Ngoxa sisoloko siwela kwisicandeco sokubeka abantu njengabantu abaxhomekeke ngaphandle okanye abangeniswayo , uCsikszentmihalyi ubonisa ukuba ubuchule bufuna ukudibanisa ezimbini zombini.
Abantu abakudala, uyakholelwa, bobabini baqhamuka kwaye baqheliswa. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu bavame ukuba baxhamle okanye baqaliswe kunye nokuba ezi zimpawu zizinzile .
Abantu abakhelayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathambekele ekuboniseni iimpawu zombini iintlobo ngexesha elifanayo. Zibini zinyameko kwaye zingabonakali, zentlalo kwaye zithule. Ukusebenzisana nabanye kungavelisa iingcinga kunye nokuphefumlelwa, kwaye ukubuyela kwindawo elithulileyo kubangela ukuba abantu bokudala bahlole ngokupheleleyo imithombo yokudala.
6 - Abantu abaBumbayo bayaziqhayisa, kodwa banokuthobeka
Abantu abaphezulu bokudala badla ngokuzingca ngeempumelelo zabo kunye nokufezekiswa kwabo, kodwa bayazi indawo yabo. Baye bahlonipha kakhulu abanye abasebenza kwintsimi yabo kunye nempembelelo yokuba ezo zinto zenziwe ngaphambili zenze umsebenzi wazo. Baya kubona ukuba umsebenzi wabo uvame ukuphawuleka xa kuthelekiswa nabanye, kodwa akuyona into abajonge kuyo. UCsikszentmihalyi ubona ukuba bahlala becacisa ingcamango yabo okanye iprojekthi engayilungisi kwimpumelelo yabo yangaphambili.
I-7 - Abantu abaBumbayo abaxhaswa nguMthetho oLungileyo wezesini
UCsikszentmihalyi ukholelwa ukuba abantu bokudala bayayichasa, ubuncinane ubuncinane, ubuninzi beengxabano zesini kunye neendima ezihlala zizama ukunyanzelisa uluntu. Amantombazana kunye nabasetyhini abonakalayo banokubaluleka kunabanye amantombazana, ucebisa, ngelixa abakhwenkwe kunye nabayeni abanobuchule banobudlova kwaye banobuhlungu kunabanye abesilisa.
Uyachaza: "Umntu onobuchopho obunokwenza ngengqondo wenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphindaphinda kwakhona impendulo yakhe. Abantu abalingayo banakho amathuba okuba bengenalo kuphela amandla abo ngokwesini kodwa ezo zenye, nazo. "
8 - Abantu abaBumbayo bayabonisana, kodwa bavukela
Abantu abadalileyo "bangaphandle kwebhokisi" bacinga ngengcaciso, kwaye sihlala sicinga ngabo njengabantu abangahambelaniyo kunye nento encinci. Kodwa uCsikszentmihalyi ukholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uvelise ngokwenene ngaphandle kokuqala kwiimveli kunye nezithethe.
Ubunono, ucebisa, kufuneka ukuba ibe yindabuko kunye ne-iconoclastic. Ukukwazi ukuxabisa kunye nokuthobela ixesha elidlulileyo, ngelixa ufune iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula izinto. Abantu abalingileyo banokuzithemba ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa bayazi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala kuthatha iingozi zokuthatha ingozi.
9 - Abantu abaBumbayo banomdla, kodwa Injongo Ngomsebenzi wabo
Abantu abalingayo abahlali nje banandipha umsebenzi wabo - banomdla kwaye bathanda ngothando abakwenzayo. Kodwa ukuthanda nje into ethile kungabikho kwimisebenzi enkulu. Khawucinge ngombhali ngokuthanda kwakhe ukubhala ukuba akafuni ukuhlela isigwebo esisodwa. Khawucinge nje umculi engafuni ukuphulaphula ukuphulaphula yakhe intsebenzo kunye nokuva iindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa.
Abantu abalingileyo bayayithanda umsebenzi wabo, kodwa nabo banenjongo malunga nayo kwaye bazimisele ukugxeka (kwaye bagxeke). Bayakwazi ukuzihlukanisa nomsebenzi wabo kwaye babone iindawo ezifuna umsebenzi kunye nokuphucula.
10 - Abantu abaBumbayo bavelele kwaye bavuleleke kwiiNkalo, kodwa bayavuya kwaye banemihlali
UCsikszentmihalyi uphakamisa ukuba abantu bokudala bavame ukuba bavule kwaye bavelele, iimpawu ezingabangela imivuzo kunye neentlungu. Isenzo sokudala into ethile, yokuza neengcinga ezintsha kunye nokuthatha ingozi, ngokuvamise ukuvula abantu ukugxeka kunye nokugculela. Kunokuba buhlungu, nokuba kuphazamisekile, ukunikela iminyaka ethile kwinto ethile kuphela ukuba iyanqatshwa, inganakwa okanye ihlekisiwe.
Kodwa ukuvuleleka kumava okudala nakho kuyimvuyo enkulu. Inokubangela uvuyo olungakumbi, kwaye abaninzi abantu abadala bayakholelwa ukuba iimvakalelo ezinjalo zifanelekile ukuthengiswa kwintlungu.