Kukho ubungqina bokuba malunga nama-90 ekhulwini abantu abanxilisayo banokufumana ubuncinane obuphindaphindiweyo emva kweminyaka engama-4 emva kokonyango. Izinga lokuphindeka kwakhona kotywala lifana nezokwe-nicotine kunye ne-heroin umlutha.
Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda kwezilwelo zotywala kunye neziyobisi zibangelwa ukuguguleka kweemichiza ezenzeke kwingqondo yengxila kunye nezilutha, ukuguqula inkqubo yomvuzo wengqondo .
Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukulawulwa kakubi kukuxanduva lokusela utywala lokuqala lokusela kwakhona, ngelixa abanye bakholelwa ukungaziphathi kakuhle ukukhaba emva kokusela okokuqala, okwenza kube nzima ukuba umntu onxilisayo ayeke ukusela xa eqala.
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukuxhomekeka kokuxhomekeka kotywala kunokuchaphazela ukuxiliswa komnxila emva kokusela kuqala.
Indima Yokufuna Ukubuyela Ekubeni
Ingcamango yokukhwela iziyobisi kunye nokusela utywala yinto ephikisanayo, kunye nabaphandi abathile bekholelwa ukuba umdlalo wendalo udlala indima enkulu ekuphinda ibuyele kwakhona kunezikhuselo zezobugcisa.
Kodwa, abaphandi uLudwig noStark bafumene ukuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumanisa ukuba ukufuna ukusela utywala kunene kukuba ucele abadakwa. Bacele iqela lokufunda xa beva isidingo sotywala, ngendlela efanayo njengoko ubuya kubuza ukuba umntu ulambile.
Uphando lwabo lufumene ukuba izidakwa zibonisa ukulungiswa kwePavlovian yangaphakathi kwimimiselo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle yokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kotywala .
Ngokomzekelo, ukuqhubela phambili ibha eqhelekileyo okanye ukufumana isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo, unokususa zombini ukunqwenela kotywala.
Ukukhunjulwa kwe-Euphoric kunye nokuQinisekisa okuKhuthazayo
Iingongoma zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezikhupha imemori yemiphumo ephuzayo yotywala inqwenela ukunxila, okufana nokulambile, kwisiselo esinxilisayo.
Ngokufanayo, inkumbulo yokungaxiliswa kotywala kotywala kunokuvelisa ukunqwenela kotywala, abaphandi baxela.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ukutywala kotywala, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa, kunokushukumisa impendulo yempembelelo kwizidakwa. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba izidakamizwa zinamandla okuphucula i-insulin kunye ne-glucose ngokukhawuleza ekusebenziseni ubhiya be-placebo, xa kuthelekiswa nabangenalo utywala.
Ukulindela Ukudlala indima ekubuyiseni
Abanye abaphandi baye bathi i-retro prevention exhomekeke kwizilindelo zobunxila malunga nokukwazi kwakhe ukujamelana nokusetyenziswa kotywala. Bakholelwa ukuba ingaba iziyobisi zokuqala zikhokelela ekunxilweni kotywala ngokuxhomekeke kunxila:
- Izakhono zokuhlangabezana neemeko ezinobungozi obuphezulu
- Umgangatho wokulawulwa komntu siqu
- Imiphumo emihle ekulindelekileyo yotywala
Imeko ephezulu
Abaphenyi abahlalutya ama-48 aphindaphinda iziganeko ezifumene ukuba ezininzi zinokubangelwa ziimeko eziphezulu zengozi:
- Ukukhathazeka nentukuthelo
- Uxinzelelo loluntu
- Silingo
Ukuthathwa njengomsebenzi osebenzayo ekukhuseleni kwakhona
Ukuze anqobe le meko ephezulu, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba abadakwala kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba ekuguquleleni ukuziphatha kwabo ngo:
- Ukuguqula indlela yokuphila ukuphucula ukukwazi ukujamelana noxinzelelo kunye neemeko ezinobungozi
- Ukuchonga nokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kumxholo wangaphakathi nangaphandle osebenza njengempawu zokuxwayisa kwakhona
- Ukuzalisekisa izicwangciso zokuzithiba zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye naziphi na izimo
Uphando oluninzi lufumene ukuba ukufundisa abadakirha izakhono ezifunekayo ukujongana neemeko ezinobungozi ngokuziqhelanisa nendlela abanokujamelana ngayo kunokunciphisa izinga lokuphindaphinda. Enye indlela ijolise ekuqeshweni kwecue. Izicwangciso ezininzi ezicetywayo ziye zacetyiswa, kodwa ekugqibeleni, ama-90% abantu abadakayo abanamava ubuncinane .
Amachiza Ayanciphisa Ukuthanda
Ukuthintela ukukhusela kwenzile ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokufika kwamachiza anokunciphisa izifiso.
I-Naltrexone hydrochloride, ethengiswa njengegama legama elithi Revia kunye ne-Depade kunye nefomu ekhutshwe ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwegama loshishino lweVivitrol, yilona liyeza lokuqala elivunyiwe ukunyanga utywala.
I-Naltrexone ibonakala isebenza ngokunciphisa imiphumo yokuxiliswa kotywala kwiindlela ezingenanto zengqondo ngokuchaphazela i-neurotransmitter dopamine nabanye.
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukudibanisa unyango lwezobisi kunye neyeza lokuziphatha, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela axhasayo , kungaba yimizamo ekhuselekileyo yokuthintela iziyobisi kunye nokusela kotywala.