Ukuchonga iiMvakalelo eziKhulu ngokuchasene nalabo abachatshazelwa yiNkcubeko
Ulawulo lweemvakalelo ezininzi zobomi bethu. Kwababhali nabalobi babonakala bengenakukwazi ukuchaza uluhlu olupheleleyo kunye namava emvakalelo yabantu.
Iimvakalelo zikhawuleza kodwa zingabonakali nantoni leyo esiyithetha ngayo imiva yezona zinto ezizungezile. Asikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwabo kodwa kunqabile ukuyeka ukucinga ukuba zininzi zikhona. Nguwuphi umbuzo owanqwenela izazinzulu kunye nabafilosofi kwizizukulwana kwaye uyaqhubeka ukwenza njalo namhlanje.
Isifundo Semivo
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-4 BC, uAristotle uzama ukufumanisa inani elifanayo leemvakalelo eziphambili kubantu. Uluhlu lwe-Aristotle uluhlu lweengqumbo, ifilosofi icetywayo ngamazwi angama-14 ahlukeneyo: ukwesaba, ukuzithemba, umsindo, ubudlelwane, ukuzola, ubutha, ukuhlazeka, ukunyaniseka, ububele, ububele, umona, ukuthukuthela, ukuthukuthela nokunyelisa.
Ngekhulu lama-20, ngokuza kwe-psychotherapy , inani liye landa kakhulu. Ngokutsho kukaRobert Plutchick, uprofesa ovela kwikholeji yase-Albert Einstein yeMicrosoft, iinguqu ezingama-90 ezichaziweyo "zengqondo" ziye zachazwa ngabangcali beengqondo ngenjongo yokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo into eyenza ihluke ngayo imvakalelo yabantu.
kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazi zeengqondo ziye zazama ukuchonga kwaye zihlukanise le mivakalelo ngendlela ejongwa njengeyobugcisa kunye neyonke . Okumangalisa kukuba, xa kuziwa kwiimvakalelo eziphambili, abaninzi abanokwenzululwazi baya kukuxelela ukuba bancinci kunokuba umntu afune ukucinga.
Whet of Emotions
Enye yeengcamango ezigqwesileyo zangekhulu lama-20 nguRobert Plutchik wevili lomsindo. Kulo, uPlintchik wacebisa iimvakalelo ezisisiseko ezi-8-ukuvuya, ukuxhala, ukuthembela, ukunyaniseka, ukwesaba, umsindo, ukumangaliswa, nokulindela-awayekholelwa ukuba wagqithwa waza wabuya elandelayo njengamavili evili.
I-plutchick yaqhubeka ichaza ukuba imimandla eyona nto "imibala" idibanisa idibanisa ukuba ibe "imibala" yesibini kunye eyongeziweyo. Umzekelo, ukulindela kunye nenjabulo kunokudibanisa nokwenza ithemba, ngoxa ukwesaba kunye nokumangalisa kungahle kuhlanganisane kunye.
I-Eckman's Face Action Coding System
Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bacela umzekelo wePlutchik kwaye baxela ukuba iimvakalelo zakhe ezisekondari kunye neenkxaso zihlala zihluka ngokukodwa kwintlalo okanye kuluntu. Bakugxininisa ukuba, ukuze imvakalelo ithathelwe ingqalelo isiseko, kufuneka ibe namava kuwo wonke amasiko.
Kule nto, isazi senzululwazi uPaul Ekman sidala oko akubiza ngokuba yinkqubo yesicwangciso sokubamba ubuso (FACS), imodeli yohlobo olwenza amanyathelo kunye nokuvavanya ukuhamba kwemisipha yomzimba kunye neyamehlo nentloko. Ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yakhe, u-Ekman wacebisa ukuba kukho iintetho ezisixhenxe zeemvakalelo kubantu bonke emhlabeni jikelele: ulonwabo, ukudabuka, ukumangaliswa, ukwesaba, umsindo, ukunyaniseka nokudelelwa.
Nangona umsebenzi ka-Ekman wanceda ukugqamisa umphumo " wendalo okanye ukondla " kwimpendulo yemvakalelo, ininzi yakhe yeengcamango iye yagxeka xa, ngo-2004, wacetyisa ukuba inqubo efanayo ingasetyenziswa njengendlela yokuqamba amanga .
Iimvakalelo ezine ze-Irreducible
Ukulandela umsebenzi ka-Ekman, iqela lophando kwiYunivesithi yaseGlasgow ngo-2014 lijolise ekuboneni iimvakalelo ezisekelwe kwintetho ebusweni kungakhathaliseki iimeko zentlalo.
Oko abaphandi abakufumene kukuba iimvakalelo ezithile zenze impendulo efanayo. Uloyiko kunye nokumangalisa, umzekelo, wenza izixhamlo zomzimba ezifanayo kwaye, kunokubonakalisa iimvakalelo ezimbini, kunokubonwa enye. Inye into ingasetyenziselwa ukunyaniseka kunye nentlungu okanye ukuvuya kunye nokutshitshiswa.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zabo, izazinzulu ziye zahlutha inani leemvakalelo ezingenakulinganiswa ezine kuphela: ulonwabo, ukudabuka, umsindo kunye noloyiko.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, baxubusha, ukuhlukahluka kobunzima beemvakalelo kuye kwavela kwiminyaka eyi-
Ukuqhelekileyo kwesimo sobuso, bathi, ngokuyinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo (into esizalelwe ngayo) ngelixa ukuhlukana phakathi kwamazwi angamaqhinga kunye neengxaki ezixakekileyo zizinto zentlalo (izinto thina, njengenkcubeko, sifunde kwaye sathuthuka ngexesha elide).
Oko Okusixelelayo
Iimvakalelo, kunye nendlela esizifumana ngayo nokuzibonakalisa ngayo, zinokubonakala zibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo okanye zibuqili ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuvumelana ngokubanzi phakathi kwenzululwazi namhlanje kukuba iimvakalelo ezisisiseko, nangona zininzi zikhona, zikhonza njengesiseko seemvakalelo ezinzima kwaye zifihlakeleyo ezenza amava abantu.
> Imithombo:
> Freitas-Magalhães, A. (2012). "Ubonakalo obusweni bomzwelo." I-Ramachandran, V (Umhla.) I- Encyclopedia ye-Human Behavior (Umqulu 2). I-Oxford: I-Elsevier / I-Press Press.
> Jack, R .; E., Garrod, O .; kunye no-Schyns, P. "Ukubonakalisa ubuso obushukumisayo bemizwa yomsindo ukuhambisa ulawulo oluphambili lwamaxesha athile." Biology yangoku. 2014; 24 (2), 187-192. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.cub.2013.11.064.
> Plutchik, R. "Ubume beemvakalelo." American Scientist . 2001; 89 (4), 344. INGXELO: 10.1511 / 2001.4.344 .