Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni uvame ukuphosa iibhola kwiibhola ezinkulu zokunyakaza? Ukuba unjengabantu abaninzi, mhlawumbi ukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokuba amehlo akho evulekile, ubona. Ngoko kutheni ngamanye amaxesha singenakukwazi ukubona izinto ezilungileyo phambi kwamehlo ethu?
Inkcazo
Inyani kukuba ukunyamekela kuthatha indima enkulu ekuboneni umbono . Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokubangela ukuba ungeke uqaphele ezi mpazamo kwiifilimu nakwiiprogram zikamabonwakude yinto engokwengqondo eyaziwa ngokuba yimfama .
Xa ingqwalasela yakho igxile kumsebenzi owodwa onzima, njengokuba ubeka ingqalelo kumntu oyintloko kwi-movie, unganakubona izinto ezingalindelekanga ezingena kwintsimi yakho ebonwayo.
Uphando
Eli gama laqala ngokuqulunqwa ngabafundi beengqondo ze- Arien Mack no-Irvin Rock abaye babona le nto ngexesha lokujonga kunye nokuvavanya. "Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqonda, ukubonakala okubonakalayo kubonakala kubangelwa kukuba izifundo zazingekho kwi-stimulus kodwa kunokuba beye kwenye into ethile ... sibhale le nto ibonakalisa ukungaboni kakuhle (IB)," bachaza .
Enye yezilingo ezaziwa kakhulu zibonakalisa ukungaboni kakuhle kwamanye amazwe yiSimons kunye neCharis "ukuhlolwa kwe-gorilla engabonakaliyo." Kulo vavanyo, abaphandi bacela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bawubukele ividyo yabantu ababethelela ibhasikidi kunye nababukeli baxelelwe ukuba babale inani lokudlula okanye ukugcina umkhondo wenani lokulahla ngokuphambene nokugqithisa.
Emva koko, abathathi-nxaxheba bebuzwa ukuba babone into engavamile ngelixa bebukele ividiyo. Kwiinkoliso ezininzi, malunga nama-50 ekhulwini abathathi-nxaxheba babika ukuba bangaboni nto ngaphandle kwesiqhelo.
Yayiyiphi na into ababeyilahlekile? Kwamanye amaxesha, ibhinqa egqoke isambatho se-gorilla yajikeleza kwimeko, yabuyela kwikhamera, yanyusa isifuba sayo yahamba.
Ngaba umhlaba unokuba njani abantu abaninzi belahlekelwa into ecacileyo nelingalindelekanga phambi kwamehlo abo? Ngenxa yokuba ingqalelo yabo yayijoliswe kwenye indawo ngomsebenzi onzima, i-gorilla yaba yinto engabonakaliyo.
Iinkcazo
Kutheni kubonakala ukungaboni kakuhle? Kunokuba sigxile kwiinkcukacha ezincinci kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo, sivame ukugxila kwizinto ezibalulekileyo size sithembele kwizicwangciso zethu ezikhoyo ukuze sizalise ezinye. Oku kuqoqosho kakhulu kwaye kusivumela ukuba sigxininise ingqwalasela esele ikhona, ingqiqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngelixa zisenza ukuba sibe nolwazi oluhlangeneyo nolungenasiphako lwehlabathi elisijikelezayo.
Esinye sezizathu zokubangela ukuba abantu badla ngokuphosa i-gorilla-sauntering ngokusebenzisa indawo yabantu abadlala ibhasikidi ngenxa yokuba i-stimulus ayikho into eyaziwayo njengobunyani bemvelo. I-gorilla ibonisa kaninzi kangakanani phakathi kwebhola lebholabhokisi? Ngenxa yokuba oku akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwiimeko zangempela-mhlaba, simele singabonakali.
Ukubonakala kwe-stimuli kubalulekile. Ngethuba ngamanye amaxesha sithintela ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo, ngokuqhelekileyo sikwazi ukuphawula ulwazi olufanelekileyo njengemoto ekhawulezayo kuthi okanye inqanawa ixhuma emithini ukuya endleleni.
U mzekelo
Sonke sinamava angaboniyo ngokungaqhelekanga, njengalezi ziimeko ezinokwenzeka:
- Nangona ucinga ukuba ubeka ingqalelo kwindlela, uyahluleka ukuphawula imoto ye-swerve kwindawo yakho yendlela, okubangelwa yingozi yengozi.
- Ubukela ifilimu yembali ekwaseGrisi yasendulo. Awuqapheli i-blooper enkulu apho indiza ibonakala khona kwimvelaphi yendawo ephambili.
- Unquma ukwenza umnxeba ngelixa uqhuba ngeendlela ezixakekileyo. Uhluleka ukuphawula ukuba ukukhanya kwesitrato kuye kwabomvu, ngoko ugijima ukukhanya kokuma kwaye ugqibe ukufumana ithikithi yethrafikhi yokuqhubela umkhondo.
- Ngethuba udlala umdlalo wevidiyo , ujonge ngokugqithiseleyo ekuboneni uhlobo oluthile lomntu "ongendawo" olahlekelwa enye ingozi kumntu wakho kwaye ugqiba ukulahlekelwa ngumdlalo.
UkuPhupha okuPhezulu okungapheliyo
Kukho izinto ezinokuthi ziphazamise ukungaboni ngokungahambi kakuhle njengoko kuphawuliwe yi ngcali:
- Ngokuka-Eysenck noKeane (ngo-2011), uSimons noChabis benza enye inzame efanayo kwi-experiment ye-gorilla engabonakaliyo, kodwa kulo mnye, abathathi-nxaxheba bekufuneka babale inani leendwendwe ezenziwa ngabadlali abamnyama okanye iqela elimhlophe. Kwabathathi-nxaxheba ababala iziganeko kwiqela elimhlophe, kuphela i-42% yabona i-gorilla, kodwa kubathathi-nxaxheba ababala ukupasa kwiqela elimnyama, ama-83% abo babona i gorilla. "Oku kubonakalisa impembelelo yokufana phakathi kwezinto ezingalindelekanga (gorilla) kunye nomsebenzi onxulumene nomsebenzi (amalungu eqela eliya kubakho)," phawula u-Eysenck noKeane.
- U-K. Mauldin (ngo-2013) uthi amanqaku angabonakaliyo afana nokutshintsha ubumpumputhe , okuyilapho ulahlekelwa utshintsho kwi-stimulus eyayingaphambili. Ngobumpumputhe obungenakubakho, ulahlekelwa ukuvuselela olutsha, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokulindela kwakho.
Ngaphantsi
Kungenxa yokuba amehlo akho evulekile ayithethi ukuba ubona konke kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo. Ingqiqo incike kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanywa ingqalelo. Maxa wambi silahlekelwa izinto eziphambi kwethu.
Imithombo:
Eysenck, MW & Keane, MT (2011). Ingqondo yengqondo: Incwadi yesifundo somfundi . I-Psychology Press.
Mack, A. & Rock, I. I. (1999). Ukungaboni kakuhle: I-Overview yeArien Mack no-Irvin Rock. Ukufunyanwa kwi-www.theassc.org/files/assc/2417.pdf
Mauldin, K. (2013). Ukungaboni kakuhle. Ku-AK Taylor (uMq.). I-Encyclopedia yememori yabantu. USanta Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
Simons, DJ, & Chabris, CF (1999). AmaGorila phakathi kwethu: Ubumpumputhe obungalindelekanga obuthathaka kwimicimbi eguqukayo. Ukuqonda, 28, 1059-1074.
Simons, D. (2012, Sept.). Kodwa ngaba ubona i gorilla? Ingxaki yokungaboni kakuhle. Magazine Smithsonian. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/but-did-you-see-the-gorilla-the-problem-with-tention-blindness-17339778/?no-ist