I-Schachter ne-Singer's Theory of Emotion
Yintoni eyenza imvakalelo? Ngokweminye ingcamango enkulu yeemvakalelo, kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili: ukuvuswa komzimba kunye nelebula engqondweni. Ngamanye amazwi, amava omvakalelo kubandakanya okokuqala ukuba nefuthe elithile lempendulo yomzimba apho ingqondo ibonisa khona.
Iingcamango ezinokwenkcazo zengqondo zaqala ukuvela ngexesha lama-1960, njengenxalenye yinto edlalwa ngokuba yi "inguqulelo engqondweni" kwingqondo.
Enye yeengcamango zokuqala zengqondo zolu hlobo lwacetywayo nguStanley Schachter noJerome Singer, owaziwa ngokuba Iingcamango ezibini zeemvakalelo.
Yiyiphi i-Theory-Factor Theory?
Njengengcamango ye- James-Lange yemvakalelo, kwaye ngokuchasene ne- Cannon-Bard theory yemvakalelo, iSchachter kunye noMculi bacinga ukuba ukuvuswa komzimba kudlala ngokuphambili kwiimvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo, bacebise ukuba lo mvuko wawunjalo kwiimvakalelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngoko ukuvuswa komzimba kwedwa kwakungekho uxanduva lweempendulo zempendulo.
Iingcamango ezibini zeemvakalelo zijolise ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kokuvuswa komzimba kunye nendlela esicacisa ngayo ingqalelo yokuvusa. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuziva nje ukuvusa akukwaneli; Kwakhona simele sichonge ukuvuswa ukuze sivalelwe imvakalelo.
Ngoko, cingela wena wedwa kwindawo yokupaka emnyama ehamba yakho emotweni yakho. Indoda engaqhelekanga iyavela ngokukhawuleza kwimigca e kufuphi kunye neendlela ezikhawulezayo.
Ulandelelwano olulandelayo, ngokubhekiselele kwiingcamango zombini, luyafana nalolu hlobo:
1. Ndibona indoda engaqhelekanga ehamba kum.
2. Intliziyo yam iyaqhaqhazela kwaye ndithuthumela.
3. Ukukhawuleza kwenhliziyo kunye nokuthuthumela kubangelwa ukwesaba.
4. Ndiyothuka!
Inkqubo iqala ngokuvuselela (indoda engaqhelekanga), elandelwa yindoda yokuvusa (ukunyaniseka kwentliziyo kunye nokuthuthumela).
Ukongezwa kule nto yileyibhile yolwazi (ukudibanisa ukuphendulela ngokomzimba kwesoyiko), elandelwa ngokukhawuleza ngamava azivayo (uloyiko).
Ukusingqongileyo kubambe indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela iimpendulo zomzimba ezichongiweyo kwaye zibhalwe ngayo. Kulo mzekelo ungentla, ukukhanya okumnyama, ukuhlala kwedwa kunye nokufika ngokukhawuleza komntu ongekho ophazamisayo kunceda ekuboniseni imvakalelo njengoloyiko. Yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka xa uhamba ngokuya emotweni yakho ngosuku olukhanyayo kunye nomfazi osekhulile? Esikhundleni sokuziva uloyiko, unokuyichaza indlela ophendula ngayo njengento efana nokufuna ukwazi okanye ukukhathazeka ukuba ibhinqa libonakala lifuna uncedo.
I-Schachter and Singer's Experiment
Ngovavanyo lwango-1962, iSchachter kunye ne-Singer bafaka ingcamango yabo kuvavanyo. Iqela labathathi-184 abathathi-nxaxheba bajojowe nge- epinephrin , i-hormone evelisa ukuvusa, kuquka ukunyuka kwentliziyo, ukuthuthumela nokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwe ukuba bajojowe ngesilwanyana esitsha ukuvavanya amehlo abo. Nangona kunjalo, elinye iqela labathathi-nxaxheba lakwaziswa ngemiphumo engaphantsi kwimiba engayenza xa elinye iqela labathathi-nxaxheba lingekho.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bebekwa kwindawo egumbini kunye nomnye umthathi-nxaxheba owenene ungumdibaniselwano ekuhlolweni. Umdibaniselwano mhlawumbi wenza ngenye yezindlela ezimbini: u-euphoric okanye umsindo. Abathathi-nxaxheba abangazange baxelelwe ngemiphumo yejojo banokuvakalelwa ngakumbi okanye banokukrakra kunokuba baxelelwe. Abo babehlala kwigumbi elinesigqeba sokudibanisa babekwazi ukuchazela imiphumo emibi yechiza njengolonwabo, ngelixa abo bavelele kwintetho edibeneyo banokuthi batyhicule iimvakalelo zabo njengomsindo.
I-Schacter kunye ne-Singer babecinga ukuba xa abantu beva nemvakalelo abangenayo nkcazelo, babeza kubhala le mvakalelo basebenzisa iimvakalelo zabo okwangoku.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zacetyiswa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abangenazo nkcazelo ngeemvakalelo zabo bekunokwenzeka ukuba banokuthintela kwiimpembelelo zemoya.
Ukugxekwa kweNkqutyana ye-Two-Factor
Ngoxa uphando lukaSchachter kunye ne-Singer lucacisa uphando oluthe gqolo, iingcamango zabo nazo zixhomekeke ekugxekeni. Abanye abaphandi baye baxhasa ngokusisigxina iziphumo zesifundo sokuqala kwaye ngezinye izikhathi babonise iziphumo eziphikisanayo.
Ngeempendulo zikaMarshall noZimbardo , abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba babengenakwenzeka ukuba baphumelele xa bexhamla kwi-confederate ephakamileyo kunokuba bebenokubambisana nabangathathi hlangothi. Kwesinye isifundo sakwaMasch, isiluleko sokuxhomekeka sasisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukuvusa kunokuba ujoye i-epinepherine. Iziphumo zicebise ukuba ukuvuswa komzimba okungachazwanga kwakungenako ukuvelisa iimvakalelo ezingalunganga kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphi uhlobo lwentlangano edibeneyo.
Ezinye izigxeko zeengcamango ezimbini:
- Ngamanye amava iimvakalelo ziba namava ngaphambi kokuba sicinge ngazo.
- Abanye abaphandi baye baxhasa isiphakamiso sokuqala sikaJames-Lange sokuba kukho ukungafani ngokwenyama phakathi kwemizwa.
> Imithombo:
> Marshall, G., & Zimbardo, PG Imiphumo emihle yokungafuni ngokucacileyo ukuchasana kwemvelo. Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo. 1979; 37: 970-988.
> Maslach, C. Ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo kwimiba engachazwanga. Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo. 1979; 37: 953-969. i-doi: 10.1037 / 0022-3514.37.6.953.
> Reisenzein, R. I-Schachter inory of emotion: Emva kweminyaka emibini. I-Psychological Bulletin. 1983; 94: 239-264.
> Schachter, S. kunye ne-Singer, IINGQONDO zengqondo, ezentlalontle kunye nezomzimba zezizwe zengqondo. Ukuphononongwa kwengqondo. 1962; 69: 379-399