Ingqondo yengingqi yindawo ekhethekileyo echaphazelekayo malunga nendlela abantu abachaphazeleka ngayo kuluntu. Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba abantu bangaba njani abanomdla kwiindawo zabo? Okanye ngaba ucinga ngeendlela zemiba yoluntu ezinokuchaphazela ngayo impilo kunye nokuphila kwabantu ngabanye? Ezi zimbini zihloko ezinomdla ngaphakathi kwintlalo yengqondo.
Esi sifundo sisisigxina kwaye sifinyelele kakhulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezivela kwezinye iimfundiso ezibandakanya inzululwazi, inzululwazi yezopolitiko, impilo yoluntu, i -psychological cross-cultural and psychology psychology . Iingcali zengqondo zisebenza kule ntsimi zijonge kwiinkcubeko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, ezentlalo kunye nezosingqongileyo eziyimilo kunye nokuchaphazela ubomi babantu emhlabeni wonke.
Ingqwalasela yoluntu yengqondo ingasetyenziselwa kunye kunye neengqinisiso, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ibe ngumxube wezo zombini. Nangona ezinye izazi zengqondo zengingqi ziqhuba uphando malunga neengxaki zengxaki, abanye bathatha le ngcaciso kwaye bayifake ekusebenziseni ngokukhawuleza ukuba bachaze iingxaki kwaye baphuhlise izicombululo kwiindawo.
Imbali yoLuntu lweengqondo
Iengqondo zengingqi zaqala ukuvela ngexesha lama-1960 njengoko iqela elikhulayo labafundi beengqondo lalinganelisekanga ngekhono leengqondo zekliniki ukujongana nemicimbi yoluntu ebanzi.
Namhlanje, abaninzi bayazibona intlanganiso ye-psychologists ye-Swampscott kwi-Conference ye-1965 ye-1965 njengesiqalo esisemthethweni sengqondo yexesha langoku. Kule ntla nganiso, abo babakhoyo baphetha ukuba ukufunyanwa kwengqondo kubalulekile ukugxininisa ngakumbi kuluntu kunye nentshintsho yoluntu ukwenzela ukujongana nempilo yengqondo kunye nenhlalakahle.
Ukususela ngeli xesha, intsimi iye yaqhubeka ikhula. ICandelo lama-27 le- American Psychological Association , uMbutho woPhando loLuntu kunye neNtsebenzo (SCRA), lunikezelwa kwingqalelo yengqondo yengingqi. Amaphephancwadi amaninzi afundiswayo kwisihloko, kubandakanywa ne- American Journal of Community Psychology , Journal of Community Psychology kunye ne- Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology .
I-Psychology yoluntu esebenzayo
Ezinye izinto ezinokuthi i-psychologist yoluntu zinokuyenza ziquka:
- Ukufumana iindlela zokunceda abantu abahlelelekileyo okanye abaxakekileyo baziva bexhamle ngakumbi kwiindawo zabo zommandla
- Ukuqonda imiba yoluntu phakathi kwamaqela amancinci
- Ukuphuhlisa, ukuphunyezwa nokuvavanya iinkqubo ezijoliswe kwizenzo ezisekelwe kuluntu
- Ukwakha ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye namaqela oluntu
- Hlola imibutho, oorhulumente kunye noluntu ukuze kukhuthazwe inxaxheba kunye nokuhlukahluka
- Iingcali zeengqondo zengingqi zingaqeshwa kwiinkalo ezininzi ezibandakanya imfundo, urhulumente, amaqela angenzi nzuzo, imibutho yoluntu kunye nokubonisana ngasese. Kwiinkqubo zemfundo, izazi zengqondo zengingqi zihlala zisebenza kwiikholeji nakwiiyunivesithi ukufundisa izifundo nokuqhuba uphando lwangaphambili. Kwiziko likaRhulumente, banokusebenza kwimpilo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu kubarhulumente basekhaya, baseburhulumenteni kunye nabasemagunyeni.
I-Psychology yoluntu kunye neeNdawo eziHlangeneyo
Abantu ngamanye amaxesha badibanisa i-psychology yoluntu kunye neendawo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi wezentlalo , ingqondo yezentlalo kunye nes psychological social. Nangona i-psychology yoluntu inemibutho efana neenkalo ezinxulumene kwaye idla ngokukhawuleza kule miyalelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezinye izinto eziphambili. Ngokomzekelo, i-psychology yoluntu igxile kwisenzo kwaye isombulula iingxaki ezinjengeengqondo zeklinikhi. Nangona kunjalo, iingqondo zeklinikhi zihlala zijolise ngakumbi ekuxazululeni iingxaki ezithile, ngelixa i-psychology yoluntu izinikezele ukuqonda imiba engundoqo yoluntu enegalelo kulezi ngxaki.
I-psychology yoluntu nayo ithatha indlela epheleleyo, indlela esekelwe kwinkqubo yokuqonda ukuziphatha nendlela abantu abafanelekileyo ngayo kuluntu, njengamacandelo anxulumene noluntu kunye neengqondo zentlalo . Iengqondo zengingqi zihlala zijolise ngakumbi ekusebenziseni ulwazi lweengqondo kunye noluntu ukuxazulula iingxaki, ukudala izisombululo zehlabathi kunye nokuthatha inyathelo elikhawulezayo.
Njengempilo yoluntu kunye neengcebiso zempilo yengqondo, i-psychology yoluntu nayo ijolise ekukhuseleni iingxaki kunye nokukhuthazwa kwezempilo kunye nentlalo-ntle. Kwakhona kunesici esomeleleyo esinophando. Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zihlala ziqhuba uphando lwangaphambili, ziphuhlise izikhokelo zezobugcisa kwaye zisebenzise olu lwazi ngqo kwiindawo zoluntu noluntu.
Njengoko ubona, i-psychology yoluntu igqithisa ngezinye iindidi. Nangona kunjalo, unemivuzo yayo eyimfuneko kunye ebalulekileyo yokwenza. Iinjongo eziphambili zeli funda ziza kudala iindlela ezintsha zokuxhobisa abantu ngaphakathi kuluntu, ukukhuthaza utshintsho oluntu kunye nokungafani, ukukhuthaza impilo kunye noluntu nokukhusela ingxaki.
Uqeqesho kunye neemfuno zeMfundo
Uninzi lwentlalo luluntu lugxininisa ubuncinane ubuncwane benkosi okanye udokotela kwizengqondo . Kukho iiprogram zeengqondo zengingqi ezikhoyo, kodwa abanye abafundi bafuna ukufumana ididisidal-degree okanye i-degree jikelele ngokugxila kwizihloko zengqondo zengingqi.
Eminye yekhosi efunwa yintsiphelo yengqondo kufuneka ifake:
- Ukuziphatha kwezentlalo
- Iindlela zophando
- Izibalo
- Impilo yoluntu
- Uphuhliso lombutho
- Ukubhala izibonelelo
- Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuthintela
- Phuhliso lweengqondo
- YezoLuntu
- Iingxaki zeNtlalo
- Phuhliso loluntu
Ukuqeqesha kunye nemfundo kwengqondo yoluntu ijolise kuzo zombini uphando kunye nesicelo. Abafundi abaphumelele kwi-graduate bafumana uqeqesho olubanzi kwiindlela zophando kunye neenkcukacha zentlalo, kunye nendlela yokubeka olu lwazi ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zoluntu ezijoliswe kuzo.
Iingxelo:
Dalton, JH, Elias, MJ, & Wandersman, A. (2001). I-Psychology yoluntu: Ukuqhagamshelana nabantu kunye nezoLuntu. Stamford, CT: iWadsworth.
UKelly, JG (1971). Iimpawu zengqondo yengqondo yoluntu. I-American Psychologist, 26 (10) , 897-903.
Levine, M., & Perkins, iDV (1997). Iimigaqo zoLuntu lweengqondo (2nd Ed) . ENew York: i-Oxford University Press.