Abantu abaninzi baye bakuva uvavanyo oludumileyo lweRorschach inkblot apho abaphenduli bacelwa ukuba bajonge imifanekiso engenangqondo ye-inkblot baze bachaze oko bakubonayo. Uvavanyo luvame ukuvela kwiinkcubeko ezidumileyo kwaye luhlala lubonakaliswa njengendlela yokutyhila iingcamango zomntu, iingcamango okanye iimfuno zomntu.
Uvavanyo lwe-Rorschach inkblot luhlobo lweprojekthi yokuhlola kwengqondo eyenziwe ngowe-1921 nguSwitzerland uRorschach waseSwitzerland.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswe ukuvavanya ubuntu kunye nokusebenza kwemvakalelo, yinto yesibini elandelwayo yokuhlolwa kwe-forensic emva kwe- MMPI-2 . Uphando olwenziwa ngo-1995 lwama-412 wezonyango zengqondo kwi-American Psychological Association lubonakalise ukuba u-82% wasebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-Rorschach inkblot ubuncinane ngamanye amaxesha.
Imbali yovavanyo lweRorschach
Ngokuqinisekileyo uRorschach wayengowokuqala ukubonisa ukuba ukuchazwa komntu ngesimo esingenakwenzeka kungabonakalisa izinto ezifihliweyo zobuntu bomntu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayephefumulelwe ukudala uvavanyo lwakhe oludumileyo ngeempembelelo ezahlukeneyo.
Njengenkwenkwana, uRorschach wayenombulelo omkhulu ngeklecksography okanye ubugcisa bokuzenzela imifanekiso kwiinkcukacha. Njengoko ekhula, uRorschach wavelisa umdla kunye nobuchopho . Waye wapapasha amaphepha ahlalutya imifanekiso yezigulane zengqondo, ebonisa ukuba ubugcisa abaye bavelisa bungasetyenziselwa ukufunda okungakumbi ngobuntu babo.
Omnye umdlalo owenziwe ngowe-1896 wabandakanyeka ukudala iindlogram zeenkl U-Alfred Binet wayesebenzisa ingcamango yokusebenzisa ingqungquthela njengendlela yokuvavanya ubuchule kwaye ekuqaleni wayecwangcise ukufaka iinkcukacha kwiimvavanyo zakhe zengqondo.
Uphefumlelwe mhlawumbi ngokuzilibazisa kwakhe kunye nokufunda kwakhe ngesiganeko sikaJigmund Freud, uRorschach waqala ukuphuhlisa indlela yokusebenzisa iindikiti njengesixhobo sokuhlola.
URorschach wavelisa indlela yakhe emva kokufunda izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-400, kubandakanya izigulane ezingaphezu kwama-300 kunye nezifundo zokulawula ezili-100. Incwadi yakhe ye- Psychodiagnostik ye- 1921 yabonisa intsuku ezilishumi azikhethileyo njengexabiso eliphezulu lokuxilonga. Le ncwadi nayo ichaze indlela yakhe yokubeka iimpendulo kwiimvavanyo.
Incwadi kaRorschach yafumana impumelelo encinane, kwaye yafa ngokuzumayo eneminyaka engama-38 nje ngomnyaka owodwa emva kokushicilelwa kombhalo. Emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi, nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufaka amanqaku. Uvavanyo lukhule lube lulodwa lweemvavanyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zengqondo.
Uvavanyo lweRorschach lusebenza njani?
Uvavanyo lwe-Rorschach luqukethe imifanekiso engama-10 ye-inkblot, eminye yayo emnyama, emhlophe okanye emhlophe kwaye ezinye zazo zimibala. Ingcali yeengqondo eqeqeshiwe ekusebenziseni, ukulinganisa kunye nokuchazwa kovavanyo ibonisa nganye amakhadi ayishumi kummangalelwa. Umxholo uyacelwa ukuba achaze oko acinga ukuba ikhadi libukeka njani. Abaphenduli bakhululekile ukutolika umfanekiso ongenakunqwenelekayo nangona bafuna. Bangakwazi ukugxila kumfanekiso ngokupheleleyo, kwiinkalo ezithile zomfanekiso okanye nakwiindawo ezimhlophe ezijikeleze umfanekiso.
Xa isihloko sinikezele impendulo, isazi senzululwazi siza kubuza imibuzo eminye ukuze sifumane isihloko sifanele sichaze ngokubonakala kwakhe okokuqala.
Ingcali yeengqondo iphinda ihlawule ukuphendula kwimiba enkulu yezinto eziguqukileyo ezifana nokuba isifundo sijonge umfanekiso wonke. Ezi ngqalelo zichazwa kwaye zihlanganiswe kwiprofayili yomntu.
Iingcamango zovavanyo lweRorschach
Nangona udumo lwe-Rorschach luye lwaziwa, luye lwahlala lugxininiso olukhulu. Uvavanyo lwagxeka kakhulu kwi-1950s kunye neye-1960 ngenxa yokungabi nako kweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo, ukujonga iindlela kunye nemigangatho.
Ngaphambi kowe-1970, kwakukho iinkqubo ezininzi zokubala ezi-5 ezahluke kakhulu kangangokuthi zimelela imifanekiso emihlanu yovavanyo.
Ngowe-1973, uJohn Exner washicilela inkqubo entsha yokubeka amanqaku edibeneyo edibanisa izinto ezinamandla kwiinkqubo zangaphambili. Inkqubo ye-Exner yokubeka amanqaku ngoku i-standard standard isetyenziswe ekulawuleni, ukulinganisa kunye nokuchazwa kovavanyo lweRorschach.
Ukongezelela kokugxeka kwangaphambili iinkqubo zokungahambelani kwamanqaku, abaqapheli banokuqaphela ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kovavanyo oluphosakeleyo kuthetha ukuba ayikwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo inkxalabo yengqondo yengqondo . Njengoko unokucinga, ukulinganisa uvavanyo kungaba yinkqubo ephezulu. Esinye sezigxeko eziphambili ngeRorschach kukuba ayinakho ukuthembeka . Oogqirha babini bangase bafike kwizigqibo ezifani kakhulu nangona bajonga iimpendulo zezifundo ezifanayo.
Uvavanyo lusetyenziswe ngokusisigxina kwi-psychotherapy kunye nokucebisa, kwaye abo bawusebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo bayenza njalo njengendlela yokufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga noluntu ukuba luvakalelwa njani kwaye lusebenza njani. Umgqirha kunye nabaxhasi bangaphinda bahlole ezinye zezi ngxaki ngexesha lonyango.
Uvavanyo luye lwabonisa ukuphumelela ekuxilweni kwezigulane ezibonakalisa ukucinga okuphosakeleyo njenge-schizophrenia kunye ne-bipolar disorder. Ezinye iingcali zi lumkisa ukuba ukususela kwi-system Exner scoreings iqulethe iiposiso, oogqirha banokuba neengxaki zokuxilonga ngokugqithiseleyo ukukhathazeka kwengqondo xa bexhomekeka kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-Exner.
Nangona kukho iingxabano kunye nokugxekwa ngokusetyenziswa kwayo, uvavanyo lweRorschach luhlala lusetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezikolo, izibhedlele kunye neenkundla.
Namhlanje, ezinye izazi zengqondo zichitha iRorschach njengento ehamba phambili yeengqondo ezedlulileyo, i-pseudoscience malunga ne- phrenology kunye ne-parapsychology, ekupheleni kwayo akuyi kudideka ngeengqondo zengqondo . Ababhali Wood, Nezworski, kunye noGarb bakhombisa ukuba ngelixa iRorschach ifanelekile ukugxekwa, ayikho into efanelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo ekuboniseni iziphazamiso zengcamango kwakusungulwe kakuhle, kwaye uphando olukhoyo lubonisa ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kovavanyo kukukhulu kunokuba kwithuba elihle.
Iingcali ezininzi zeengqondo: I-Psychology Dictionary
> Imithombo
> Lee, L. (1999). Igama eliqhelekileyo: uMnu. Leotard, uBarbie, kunye neChef Boy-Ar-Dee. Pelican Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4556-0918-5.
> Lilienfeld , SO, Wood, JM, & Garb, HN (2001, Meyi). Yintoni Engalunganga Kulo Mfa nekiso? IScientific American , iphe. 81-87.
> McGraw-Hill Abapapashi. (2001). UHermann Rorschach, iiprogram zoNxibelelwano zoPhuhliso lwe-MD.
> O'Roark, AM (2013). Imbali kunye neNcwadi: Umbutho woMntu woVavanyo lweMinyaka emihlanu. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
> Watkins, CE, et al. (1995). Umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla yokuhlolwa kwengqondo ngeengcali zeengqondo. I-Psyhology yoBugcisa: uPhando kunye nokuSebenza , 26 (1), iphepha 54-60.
> I-Wood, JM, Nezworski, MT, & Garb, HN (2003). "Yintoni efanelekileyo neRorschach?" Ukuphononongwa kweNzululwazi yeMpilo yengqondo , 2 (2).