Ukujonga kwiMbali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-MMPI
I-Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nophando lwekliniki yokuhlola eyenziwa ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo. Ekuqaleni kwaveliswa ngasekupheleni kwee-1930 ngu-psychologist ne-psychiatrist, uvavanyo lwaphinde lwahlaziywa kwakhona lwahlaziywa ukuphucula ukuchaneka nokusebenza. I-MMPI-2 inemibuzo engama-567 kwaye ithatha imizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwe-90 ukugqiba.
Unokufunda kule nkcazo ye-MMPI-2:
Imbali
I-Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1930 ngu-Starke R. Hathaway kunye nesifo sengqondo uJC McKinley kwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota. Namhlanje, isilathiso sokusetyenziswa kweekliniki esisetyenziswa kaninzi kwaye yenye yezona zivavanyo zengqondo eziphandwa kakhulu. Ngoxa i-MMPI ayilona vavanyo olugqibeleleyo, kodwa ihlala isisityebi esibalulekileyo ekuxilongweni nasekunyangekeni kokugula kwengqondo .
Sebenzisa
I-MMPI isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo ukuvavanya nokuxilonga ukugula kwengqondo. I-MMPI-2 isetyenziswe kwezinye iindawo ezingaphandle kwengqondo yeklinikhi . Uvavanyo luvame ukusetyenziswa kumatyala omthetho, kubandakanywa iingxabano zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neengxoxo. Uvavanyo luye lwasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuhlola izifundo ezithile, ngokukodwa imisebenzi enobungozi obuphezulu, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-MMPI ngale ndlela kuye kwaba ngquzulwano.
Uvavanyo luye lusetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kweenkqubo zonyango, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Uhlaziyo
Kwiminyaka emva kokuba uvavanyo luqale lwapapashwa, oogqirha nabaphandi baqala ukubuza ukuchaneka kwe-MMPI. Abagxeki babonisa ukuba iqela lesampula lokuqala lalingenalutho.
Abanye bathi iziphumo zibonise ukuhlaziywa kwamathuba okuvavanya, ngelixa abanye bevavanywa ukuba uvavanyo luqulethe i-sexist ne-racist questions. Ekuphenduleni le micimbi, i-MMPI yahlaziywa ekupheleni kwee-1980. Imibuzo emininzi yasuswa okanye ihlaziywa ngelixa inani lemibuzo emitsha yongezwa. Ukongezelela, izikali ezitsha zokusebenza zibandakanyiwe kuvavanyo oluhlaziyiweyo.
Uhlaziyo oluhlaziyiweyo lovavanyo lwakhishwa ngo-1989 njenge-MMPI. Nangona uvavanyo lufunyenwe kwakhona kwakhona ngo-2001, i-MMPI isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwaye iyona vavanyo yokuhlolwa klinikhi esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ngenxa yokuba i-MMPI igunyazwe yi-University of Minnesota, oogqirha kufuneka bahlawule ukulawula nokusebenzisa uvavanyo.
Uvavanyo lubuye lwahlaziywa kwakhona ngo-2003 no-2008. Uhlobo lovavanyo olutshanje lubizwa ngokuba yi-MMPI-2-RF.
Lawulo
I-MMPI-2 iqulethe izinto zokuhlola ezi-567 kwaye ithatha imizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwe-90 ukugqiba. I-MMPI-2-RF iqukethe imibuzo engama-338 kwaye ithatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwangu-50 ukugqiba.
I-MMPI imele ilawulwe, ilandwe kwaye ityhicilelwe ngumqeqeshi, mhlawumbi i- psychologist okanye i-psychiatrist yeklinikhi , oye wafumana uqeqesho oluthile kwi-MMPI. Olu vavanyo lufanele lusebenzisane namanye amathuluzi okuhlola.
Ukuxilonga akufanele kwenziwe kuphela kwiziphumo zovavanyo.
I-MMPI inokulawulwa ngabanye okanye ngamaqela kunye neenguqu zekhompyutha zikhoyo. Uvavanyo lenzelwe umntu oneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala nangaphezulu. Uvavanyo luyakunikwa ngesandla okanye ngekhomputha, kodwa iziphumo kufuneka zisoloko zichazwe ngumqeqeshi wezempilo wengqondo oqeqeshiwe oye waba noqeqesho olubanzi kwiinguqulelo ze-MMPI.
Iiklinikhi ze-Clinical 10 ze-MMPI
I-MMPI inezikali ezili-10 zeekliniki ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zengqondo. Ngaphandle kwamagama anikezelwe kwisikali ngasinye, ayilona lucalulo olucacileyo ukususela kwiimeko ezininzi ezibonakalisa iimpawu.
Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abanengqondo bebhekisela kwinqanaba ngalinye ngenani.
Isilinganiselo 1 - I-Hypochondriasis: Eli nqanaba lenzelwe ukunqwenela ukukhathazeka ngegazi ngokusebenza komzimba. Izinto ezi-32 kule nkalo zixhalabisa iimpawu ze-somatic kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Isiqalo senziwa ekuqaleni ukufumanisa izigulane ezibonisa iimpawu ze-hypochondria.
Isilinganiselo sesi-2 - Ukudandatheka: Eli nqanaba liye lenzelwe ukuchonga uxinezeko, olubonakalisa ukuziphatha kakubi, ukungabi nethemba kwixesha elizayo, nokunganeliseki ngokubanzi imeko yobomi bomntu. Amanqaku aphakamileyo kakhulu angabonisa ukuxinezeleka, ngoxa amanqaku athathileyo athambekele ekubonakaliseni ukwaneliseka ngokubanzi ngobomi bomntu.
Isilinganiselo sesi-3 - I-Hysteria: Isilinganisi sesithathu sasilungiselelwe ukuba sibone abo babonakalisa i-hysteria kwiimeko ezixinzeleleyo. Abo bafundiswe kakuhle kunye neklasi yezentlalo ephakamileyo banamathuba amanqaku aphezulu kule nqanaba. Abasetyhini banamathela amanqaku aphakamileyo kunamadoda kule nqanaba.
Isilinganiselo sesi-4 - I-Psychopathic Ukuphulukana: Ekuqaleni kuphuhliswe ukuchonga izigulane ze-psychopathic, le nqanaba lilinganisa ukuphambuka kwezentlalo, ukungabikho kwamkelwa kwamagunya kunye nokungafani. Eli nqanaba linokucingwa njengendlela yokungathobeli. Abadlali abaphezulu bavame ukuba ngabavukeli, ngelixa abahlawuli bezantsi bavuma igunya. Nangona igama lale nqanaba, amanqaku aphezulu atholakala ukuba eneengxaki zomntu kunengxaki yokugula kwengqondo .
Isilinganisi sesi-5 - Ubuninzi / ubuncinane: Eli nqanaba lenziwe ngumbhali wokuqala ukuba abone ukuthambekela kobungqingili, kodwa kwafunyaniswa ukuba ayinakwenzeka. Amanqaku aphezulu kule nqanaba axhamene nemiba enjengeengcaphephe, isimo sezentlalo, kunye nemfundo. Abasetyhini banamava amanqanaba aphantsi kweli nqanaba.
Isiqendu 6 - I-Paranoia: Eli nqanaba liye laphuhliswa ukuba lichonge izigulane ezineempawu zogqithiso ezinjengokukrokra, iimvakalelo zentshutshiso, i-grandiose self-concepts, ukuvakalelwa ngokweqile, kunye neengqondo ezinzulu. Abo baphakamise phezulu kule nqanaba banamathuba okuba neempawu eziphazamisayo.
Isiqendu 7 - I-Psychasthenia: Le ilebula yokuxilonga ayisasetyenzisiwe namhlanje kwaye iimpawu ezichazwe kule nqanaba zibonakalisa ngakumbi ukuphazamiseka kokunyanzelisa . Eli nqanaba lalisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukungathandabuzeki okugqithisileyo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokwesaba okungenangqiqo.
I-Scale 8 - I-Schizophrenia: Eli nqanaba liye laphuhliswa ukuba lichonge izigulane ze-schizophrenic kwaye lubonakalisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendawo ezibandakanya iinkqubo ezinengcamango ezintle kunye nemibono engqalileyo, ukuhlukana kwezentlalo, ubudlelwane obubi beentsapho, ubunzima bokugxininisa kunye nokulawulwa komgudu, ukungabikho kwemfuno enzulu, imibuzo ephazamisayo zokuzixabisa kunye nobuntu, kunye neengxaki zesini. Eli nqanaba libhekwa kunzima ukutolika.
Isiqendu 9 - I-Hypomania: Eli nqanaba laphuhliswa ukuchonga iimpawu ze-hypomania ezifana nomoya ophakamileyo, intetho ekhawulezileyo kunye nomsebenzi wemoto, ukuphazamiseka, ukuhamba kweengcamango , kunye nexesha elifutshane lokudandatheka.
Isilinganiselo 0 - I- Introversion yeNtlalo: Eli nqanaba laphuhliswa kamva kunezinye izikali ezisi-9 njengoko zenzelwe ukuvavanya ukuthambekela komntu ukuhoxisa ekuthintaneni noxanduva loluntu.
Amanqanaba okuqinisekiswa kwe-MMPI-2
I-Scale L: Ebizwa nangokuthi "ulinganiso lwamanga," le ngqinisiso yenzelwe ukufumana iimvavanyo zezigulana zokuzibonisa ngokufanelekileyo. Abantu abaphakamisa phezulu kule nqanaba bazama ngokuzenzekelayo ukuzithobela ngendlela efanelekileyo kakhulu, ukugatya ukungaphumeleli okanye iimpawu ezingekho phantsi. Abantu abafundeleyo abavela kwiiklasi zentlalo ephakamileyo banamathela amanqaku athile kwi-L.
I-F Scale: Eli nqanaba lisetyenziselwa ukujonga imizamo "yokunyanzela okulungileyo" okanye "ukungahambi kakuhle." Okubalulekileyo, abantu abaphakamileyo kule mvavanyo bazama ukubonakala bebhetele okanye bebi ngakumbi kunokuba bayiyo. Eli nqanaba libuza imibuzo ejoliswe ekuchongeni ukuba ngaba bathatha iimvavanyo baphikisana nabo kwiimpendulo zabo.
I-Scale ye-K: Ngezinye izihlandlo ekubhekiselwe kuyo ngokuthi "inqanaba lokukhusela," eli nqanaba liyindlela ebonakalayo kwaye engacacile yokujonga imizamo yokuzibonakalisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba kunjalo, ukuba izinga lezemfundo ephakamileyo kunye nesimo sezentlalo zihlala ziphakamisa phezulu kwi-K Scale.
? Isilinganiselo: Eyaziwa nangokuthi "ayikwazi ukusho" isikali, eli nqanaba elivumelekileyo inani lezinto ezishiywe zingaphendulwa. Incwadana ye-MMPI icebisa ukuba nayiphi na iimvavanyo ezinemibuzo engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu engaphenduliweyo ibhengezwe.
I-TRIN Scale: I- Non -Response inconsistency Scale yaphuhliswa ukufumana izigulane ezithatha ngokungahambisani. Eli candelo linemibuzo engama-23 edibeneyo.
I-VRIN Scale: I-Variable Response Imponsistency Scale enye indlela eyenziwa ukufumana iimpendulo ezingahambelaniyo.
I-Fb Scale: Eli nqanaba lenziwe ngezinto ezingama-40 ezingaphantsi kwe-10% yezibonelelo eziphenduliweyo eziphendulayo. Amanqaku aphezulu ngeli nqanaba ngamanye amaxesha abonisa ukuba ummangalelwa wayeka ukunikela ingqwalasela aze aqale ukuphendula imibuzo ngokungaqhelekanga.