Ezinye zeMibandela Ebalulekileyo malunga nendlela abantu abaphuhlisa ngayo
Kukho imiba ebalulekileyo ephakanyisiwe kuyo yonke imbali yophuhliso lwezesayensi. Imibuzo ephambili ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ngaba uphuhliso lubangelwe ngakumbi kwimfuza okanye kwendawo ?
- Ingaba intuthuko ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihamba kakuhle, okanye inguqu zenzeke kwizigaba ?
- Ngaba amava okuqala ebuntwaneni anempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni okanye imitshato kamva ibaluleke kakhulu?
Funda kabanzi malunga nale mibuzo eyisisiseko kwaye baninzi abanokholo kwengqondo namhlanje bakholelwa ngale miba.
Uhlobo ngokuKhula
Ingxoxo malunga negalelo elinxulumene nelifa kunye nendalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ekubhekiselwe kuyo njengento ephikisanayo yokukhulisa ingxoxo , yenye yezona zinto zidlulileyo kwiingcali kunye neengqondo. Amafilosofi afana nePlato kunye neDropart asekela ingcamango yokuba ezinye iimbono zizalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abacinga ngathi uJohn Locke baxela ingcamango ye- tabula yokukholelwa ukuba ingqondo ingumntu ongenalutho ekuzalweni, kunye nolwazi oluchonga ulwazi lwethu.
Namhlanje, abaninzi abanokholo kwengqondo bakholelwa ukuba kukusebenzisana phakathi kwale mibini yamandla ebangela uphuhliso. Ezinye iinkalo zophuhliso zichanekile ngokwezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nokutshatyalaliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqala kobuntwaba kunokuchaphazeleka kwimiba engqongileyo njengokutya kunye nokutya.
Ulwaphulo lwamaxesha okuQala kunye noLwazi lweMva
Ingqwalasela yesibini ebalulekileyo kwingqondo yezophuhliso ibandakanya ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kwamava okuqala kunye nalawo ayenzeka kamva ebomini.
Ngaba sithinteka ngakumbi kwizenzakalo ezivela ebuntwaneni bentsapho, okanye iimviwo zenzeke emva kwendima ebalulekileyo?
I-theorists ye-Psychoanalytic ijwayele ukugxila kwiziganeko ezivela ebuntwaneni. NgokukaFreud, ubuninzi bobuntwana buntwini buzinzile ngokumalunga neminyaka emihlanu. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene, abo baye bafumana ubuncwane okanye baxhaphaza abantwana abasenokuze bahlengahlengise okanye bavelise ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ngokuphambene nale mbono, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba impembelelo yeziganeko zabantwana ayinayo impembelelo ebusayo phezu kokuziphatha kulo lonke ubomi. Abantu abaninzi abanabantwana abancinci-bengafezekanga baqhubeka bekhula ngokuqhelekileyo kubadala abadala.
Ukuqhubeka kunye nokuyeka
Ingxaki yesithathu enkulu kwi-psychology yophuhliso yinto yokuqhubeka. Ngaba utshintsho lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ixesha elide, okanye ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwamanyathelo amiselwe ngaphambili? Ezinye iingcamango zophuhliso zichazela ukuba utshintsho luyinto nje yobungakanani; abantwana babonisa ubuninzi bezakhono ezithile njengoko bekhula. Ezinye iimbono zichaza uluhlu lweendlela ezilandelelanayo apho izakhono zivela kwiindawo ezithile zophuhliso. Uninzi lweengcamango zophuhliso ziphantsi kweendawo ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Iingcamango ze-Psychoanalytic zibangelwa ngumsebenzi kaSigmund Freud, owayekholelwa ukubaluleka kwengqondo engenalwazi kunye namava abantwana. Igalelo likaFreud kwiingcamango zophuhliso lwalusisiphakamiso sakhe sokuthi uphuhliso luyenzeka ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezigaba zobungqingili.
U-Erik Erikson onguNobhala wezobuNtu wandisa kwiingcamango zikaFrud ngokuphakamisa i- theory yesigaba sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Ingcamango ka-Erikson igxile kwimpikiswano ephakamileyo kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso kwaye, ngokungafani nenkolelo kaFrud, u-Erikson uchaze intuthuko kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila.
- Iingcamango zokufunda zijolise kwindlela ukusingqongileyo kuchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha. Iinkqubo zokufunda ezibalulekileyo ziquka isimo sengqondo , isimo sokusebenza kunye nokufunda ngentlalo. Kwimeko nganye, ukuziphatha kuhambelana nokusebenzisana phakathi komntu kunye nendalo.
- Iingcamango zengqondo zijolise ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo zengqondo, izakhono kunye nobuchule. Imizekelo yeengcamango zengqiqo ziquka i- Piaget yembono yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo .
Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga ngokuchasene komntu ngamnye
Enye yezona nkxalabo zabazali abaninzi kukuba ingaba umntwana wabo uyazivelisa ngokuqhelekileyo. Amaphulo ephambili aphuhlisayo anikezela izikhokelo zeminyaka apho izakhono ezithile kunye nezakhono zivela, kodwa kunokudala inkxalabo xa umntwana ewela emva kwesiqhelo.
Nangona iingcamango zentuthuko ziye zagxila kwiingxaki ekuziphatheni, kugxininisa kwimibandela eyahlukeneyo ekuphuhliseni iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Iingcamango zengqondo ze-Psychoanalytic zijoliswe ngokuqhelekileyo ekuziphatheni okungavamile, ngoko ke iingcamango zentuthuko kule ndawo zivame ukuchaza ukulahleka kokuziphatha. Iingcamango zokufunda zixhomekeke ngakumbi kwiimpembelelo ezizodwa kummandla ngamnye, ngoko ke ukwahlukana komntu kubaluleke kakhulu kule ngcamango. Namhlanje, izazi zengqondo zikhangelelana kwiimbini kunye nokungafani komntu xa kuchaza ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana.
> Imithombo:
> Berk, LE. Uphuhliso lwabantwana. 9th . I-USA: I-Pearson Education, Inc; 2012.
> Shute RH, Slee PT. Iingcamango zoPhuhliso lweNtwana kunye nePhupha eliPhambili, uQuqulelo lwesiBini . ENew York: uRoutledge; 2015.