Amagama ADD kunye nee-ADHD aphonswa ngeenxa ezininzi kwiimidiya, kwaye nakwiingxoxo eziqhelekileyo xa umntu ekhohliweyo okanye ene-"ADD moment". Abanye abantu banenkxalabo yokuba i-ADHD (ingqalelo yokulahleka / ukugula kwesifo) ixilongwa rhoqo, okanye ukuba abantwana bafakwe kwiimithi ezinomdla ngokukhawuleza ukulawula ukuziphatha okunzima.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nokuchongwa kwangaphantsi kwe-ADHD, oku kunokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni ekuqaleni unyango, okanye kungabi nonyango nhlobo. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana abaninzi kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD banokuqhubeka bezama ukulwa ngokungafunekanga kwaye basengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa ingxaki.
Ukuqonda iMpawu kunye neZimpawu ze-ADHD
Ukuba ungumzali womntwana obonakala ecinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo, yenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwaye ufunde ngokuhlukileyo kwabanye abantwana-kwaye uyazibuza ukuba i-ADHD inokubangela ingxaki ekhaya, kwintsebenziswano yentsapho, esikolweni okanye kwiintsebenziswano zontanga-kuba qi niseka ukuthetha nodokotela wezilwanyana okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo . Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-ADHD. Abazali abaninzi abahlali besazi ukuba umntwana wabo une-ADHD, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana wabo akangasebenzi. Kulula ukubanjwa ngombono ochanekileyo wokuba zonke iintsana ezine-ADHD zitshatyalaliswa- njenge-bunner energizer!
Inyaniso kukuba abantwana abane-ADHD (kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD, ngokunjalo) liqela eliyinyani. Iimpawu ze-ADHD zinokuchaphazela abantu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokudibanisa ukudibanisa, kunye namazinga ahlukeneyo. Akunakwenzeka kuphela ukuba i-ADHD ihluke kakhulu kumntu kumntu, kodwa iimpawu zingaphinde zishintshe ngokuphawulekayo ekuphenduleni iimfuno zeemeko.
Ngaphezulu, le ndlela i-ADHD imbonakalisa ngayo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla inokutshintsha njengoko umntwana ekhula kwaye ehamba ukusuka esikolweni samabanga aphakathi ukuya esikolweni esiphakathi, esikolweni esiphakamileyo, aze afike kwiikholeji nangaphezulu. Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unokufumana i-ADHD, kunceda ukuzifundisa malunga neenkcukacha ezicacileyo kunye neempawu ezidla ngokubonakalayo kulabo abane-ADHD.
Ukuzifundisa malunga ne-ADD, kwaye ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho ngeendlela ze-ADHD ezinokudlala kwimpilo yobomi bemihla ngemihla, kuya kunceda wena kunye nodokotela wengane yakho ukuba uhlole ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ngaba i-ADHD ingekho okanye i-plan-action action best.
Inattention, Impulsivity, Hyperactivity
Iziganeko ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezibonisa i-ADHD ziquka iingxaki ngokuqwalasela, ukunyanzelisa, kunye / okanye ukunyanzelisa. Bonke abantwana babonisa iqondo elithile lokungafanelekanga, ukuphendula ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kunye nokuziphatha kakubi kwixesha elide. Kwabantwana abane-ADHD, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu aziphathekanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye eziqhelekileyo zabantwana abaneminyaka elifanayo abangenayo i-ADHD, kwaye ezi ziphatha zingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwamandla omntwana okusebenza ngempumelelo ekhaya nasezikolweni.
Ngezantsi ziluhlu lweentlobo zokuziphatha ezihlala ziqaphelise abazali kwiimeko ezikhoyo ze-ADHD.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ADHD kwaye ukuba abantwana bangabonisa ukudibanisa ezahlukeneyo kweempawu. Kukho nezinye izinto ezingahambelani ne-ADHD ezinokubangela iingxaki. Kwakhona, ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba umntwana wakho unokufumana i-ADHD, qiniseka ukuthetha nomntwanantwana wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshekileyo.
Iimpawu zokungathobeli
Umntwana onenkinga yokungazi:
- kuphazamiseka lula, kunzima ukugxila kunye nokuhlala kugxininise kwimisebenzi yamanqaku, ukutshintshwa kwintsebenzo ukuya kumsebenzi, kwaye ubonisa ezininzi zokuziphatha
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntwana unokuba neengxaki zokurhoxisa nokutshintsha ingqalelo xa kuyimfuneko kwaye "unokugxininisa." Kungenzeka ukuba umntwana unokugxila kwiiyure kwimidlalo yevidiyo, umzekelo, kuba imidlalo iyavuselela kwaye ibambe Inomdla yomntwana kunye nokutshintsha ingqalelo kulo msebenzi kunzima kakhulu
- akubonakali ukuphulaphula xa uthethwa ngokuthe ngqo, kubonakala ngathi "kukhangela" ngamanye amaxesha, iinduku zemihla zingabonakala ngathi "kwintlaka" okanye "indawo"
- uyayikhohlwa ngokungaqhelekanga, ayikulandeleli ngemiyalelo, ilahlekelwe izinto, ayilungelelananga ekucingeni nakweminye imisebenzi
- ehluleka ukunikela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, yenza iimpazamo ezingakhathaliyo
- Andiyithandi okanye ayiphephe imisebenzi efuna ukuxinwa okufutshane
- unenkathazo yokuqalisa kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi, ishiya iiprojekthi okanye imisebenzi engapheliyo okanye eyenziwe yinto ethile, iyakhathazeka ngokulula, ibeka
- unengqondo engapheliyo yexesha, udla ngokukhawuleza
- i-dawdles ikwazi ukuqhuba inkcazelo ngokukhawuleza
Iimpawu zoMngcipheko
Umntwana onomdla:
- kunzima ukuzithiba kunye neempendulo zokuvimbela kunye nokuziphatha
- wenza ngaphambi kokuba acinge ngemiphumo yokuziphatha
- ukuphazamisa iimpendulo zemibuzo ngaphambi kokuba igqityiwe, ukuthetha ngokuphendulela, ukuphazamisa izimvo ngaphandle kokujonga imiphumo yabantu
- ukuphazamisa okanye ukungabikho kwamanye abantu, uthabathe iingxoxo okanye imisebenzi
- engaphelelwa yimonde, unenkathazo elindele ukujika, kunzima ukulibala ukugcoba, "uyayifuna ngoku!"
- iqalisa imisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba imiyalelo inikwe ngokupheleleyo, ayikhathalelekanga-ukukhetha isantya ngokuchaneka xa ugqibe umsebenzi wesikolo, ungazipheli ukubuyela emva kwaye ukhangele umsebenzi
- unokufuna ukuvuselela ngokuba yinkcazo yeklasi, ithatha ingozi ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo, ingaba yingozi kakhulu
- unenkathazo yokusebenza ngokubambisana nabanye, inokuthi isebenze kakuhle kwiimeko, iyakuchukumisa lula kwaye ikwazi ukukhawuleza, inobunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo, inokunyamezela ukunyamezela
Iimpawu zokungasebenzi
Umntwana ojongene noxinzelelo:
- kunzima ukulawula umsebenzi weemoto, unamandla angaphezu kwamandla, uphumelele
- iifayile, igxininisa, kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlala ihleli, inokuthi igule iinyawo kwisihlalo, ithabathe iminwe kwideski yayo, okanye uyibeke emanzini emibini esihlalo
- ugijima okanye ukhuphuke ngokweqile kwiimeko apho kungalunganga, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekuhambeni, kubonakala kuqhutyelwa ngumqhubi
- kunzima ukudlala okanye ukubandakanya kwimisebenzi ngokuthula, kudla kakhulu kwaye kukuphazamise
- ihamba ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ivuyiswe lula, inenkathazo yokuhlala phantsi
- inokubonisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwindlela ezingekho phantsi kwezinto ezinjenge-hyper-talkative, ukuxolisa iingxoxo ukuze abanye bangenakukwazi ukufumana igama ngokungagqithiseli, okanye nokuba no-intlalo-ntlalontle, "intlephethi yentlalontle," unokuvakalelwa ngaphakathi
Umthombo:
UArthur D. Anastopoulos kunye noTerri L. Shelton, Ukuvavanya ingqalelo-Ukulahleka / ukulahleka kwengxaki. I-Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, eNew York 2001.