I-Dysthymia , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-dysthymic disorder okanye i-DD, isifo esixakekileyo kodwa esingapheliyo esithile esibonakalayo kubantwana.
Inkambo yeDysthymia
Njengenye ingxaki yokudandatheka, i-dysthymia iyahluka kubantwana. Nangona iimfuno ze-DSM-IV zidinga ukuba umntwana abe neempawu zonyaka ubuncinane ukuba afunyanwe ne-dysthymia, isiqhelo se-dysthymic ye-child for years 3.9.
Phantse iipesenti ezi-3 zabantwana zidibana neendlela zokuba zi-dysthymia. Abanye abaphandi bathi ipesenteji ephezulu yabantwana ngokwenene bane-DD, kodwa ngenxa yobume bayo obungapheliyo, iimpawu zidla ngokungahambi kakuhle kubuntu. Enyanisweni, abantwana abane-DD abanakho ukukhalaza ngenxa yokudandatheka okanye ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokuba abaqapheli indlela abavakalelwa ngayo.
Iimpawu zeDysthymia
Iimpawu zeDD zifana nezo zengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka, kodwa zincinci kwaye zincinci ukuba zingonakalise ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.
Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Imvakalelo ecindezelekileyo
- Buhlungu
- Imiva yokungathembeki kunye / okanye ukungenanto
- Ukurhoxiswa kubahlobo kunye nosapho
- Ukuzijongela phantsi
- Ukutshintsha okanye ukuguqula iphethini yokulala
- Izifo ezingenakuchazwa
- Ukungabikho kokugxininisa
- Iingcamango okanye isenzo sokuzilimaza okanye ukuzibulala
- Ukungakwazi ukufumana uvuyo okanye uvuyo
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Ukungenasiphelo okanye ukukhathala
Nangona ziimpawu ezinzima ze-dysthymia, isacinga ukuba ukuhlala kwayo okungapheliyo kunokuphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwengane yabalingani, ukuzithemba , kunye nezakhono zokuxazulula iingxaki.
Ukubuyiselwa kunye nokuPhelelwa koDwabini
Ukubuyisela abantwana abane-dysthymia. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana luya kuba nelinye isiqhelo se-dysthymic kwixesha elizayo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-75 zabantwana abafumana isiqhelo se-dysthymic baya kuba nesiganeko esikhulu sokudandatheka, ukuphazamiseka komncinci kodwa okugqithiseleyo.
Xa umntwana one-dysthymia efumana isiganeko esikhulu sokudandatheka, ukudibanisa kuthiwa yixinzelelo oluphindwe kabini .
Izinto ezinokunyusa amathuba omntwana wokuphuhlisa uxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini zafunyanwa nguDkt. Daniel Klein kunye noogxa ekulandeleni kweminyaka eyi-10 yabantwana abane-dysthymia. Ukuchonga iziganeko zobungozi:
- Isiqalo sokuqala se-dysthymic eselula
- Ingxaki yokuxhalaba
- Imbali yentsapho eqinile yentsholongwane enkulu yokudandatheka
- Ubuthathaka obusenyongweni kunye nonina
- Imbali yokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo
- Inkathazo yabantu
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abantwana abanexinzelelo oluphindwe kabini banokuba neengcipheko ezimfutshane zengxaki yokudandatheka. Ngokutsho kukaDkt Kovacs kunye nabo basebenzisana nabo, oku kuba kulula ukuba umntwana abuyele kwisimo esisezantsi sesifo se-dysthymia, okanye iimpawu zokudandatheka, kunokuba isiseko sinobukho obungabonakaliyo. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iingxaki zokudandatheka zidinga unyango kubantwana.
Ufuna Uncedo
Njengenye ingxaki yokudandatheka, i-dysthymic disorder ihambelana nemiphumo emfutshane kunye nexesha elide , njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezemfundo kunye nentlalo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, kunye nobungozi bokuzibulala . Kakade ke, akubona bonke abantwana abane-dysthymia baya kuba neziphumo ezimbi, kodwa banikwe umbutho, unyango luyacetyiswa.
Izinyango zokonyango kubantwana abane-dysthymia ngokuqhelekileyo zengqondo , unyango okanye indlela yokudibanisa.
Qiniseka ukuthetha nomntwana wengane yomntwana okanye abanye ababonelela ngeengqondo xa unempawu ze-dysthymia okanye enye ingxaki yokudandatheka. Iziphazamiso ezixinzelelekileyo akufanele zishiye zingaphathwa kakubi kubantwana.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yeengxaki zeengqondo, u-4 Edition, Umbhalo wokuhlaziya. IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric: 2000.
UDaniel N. Klein, Ph.D., uStewart A. Shankman, Ph.D., uSuzanne Rose, iMadysthymic Disorder kunye nokuCinezeleka kokuBini: Ukuqulunqiswa kweeNkcazo zeeNkqubo zeNyaka ezi-10 kunye neziphumo. I-Journal of Research Psychiatry ngo- Apreli 2008 42 (5): 408-415.
Ukudandatheka kunye nokuzibulala kwabantwana nakwi-Adolescents. Impilo Yengqondo: Ingxelo Yogqirha Jikelele. Fumaneka: 02/12/2011. http://mentalhealth.about.com/library/sg/chapter3/blsec5.htm
Hana M. Vujeva, Wydol Furman. Iimpawu ezixakekayo kunye noBudlelwane obusondeleyo obuThathelene noBuntwa ngokuPhumela kwabantu abadala: i-Extension Examination of Influences. I-Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 40 (1): 123-135.
I-Kovacs M, i-Obrosky DS, i-Gatsonis C, uRichards C. Okokuqala-Isiqendu Esixinekileyo kunye ne-Dysthymic Disorder ebuntwaneni: Izinto zeKlinikhi kunye neNdawo yezoLuntu kwiNkqubo yokuPhinda. Umbhalo we-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997, 36: 777-784.