Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokukhathazeka kwemizwelo, iintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokuxinezeleka kubantwana ngokuphathelele kwiNgxelo yezeMpilo yeZizwe eziPhezulu ziyi-disorder disorder (MDD), i-dysthymic disorder (DD), kunye ne-bipolar disorder (BD).
Inkxalabo enkulu yoxinzelelo kwabantwana
Ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka yimeko enzima apho umntwana ahlangabezana nazo iziganeko zokudakumba.
Ezi ziqhelo zihlala ziphela iinyanga ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-9. Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-IV, iimpawu zokudandatheka kwabantwana zingabandakanya:
- Ukuhla kwezemfundo
- Ukurhoxiswa kubahlobo kunye nosapho
- Iingcinga okanye izenzo zokuzilimaza
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto zokuzonwabisa ezidlulileyo
- Iingxaki zokulala
- Ukutya kunye / okanye ukuguquka kwesisindo
- Ukuziva unetyala okanye ukungaqondwa
- Ukunamathela kumzali
- Ukukhala okungachazwanga
Ukongezelela, abantwana abane-MDD bangabonisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba, njengentloni, ukwesaba, kunye nezikhalazo ezingasichazwanga .
Phantse ama-2 ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini kwabantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-10 bahlangabezana neempendulo ze-MDD, kodwa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-14, izinga liyakhula ukuya kuma-5 ukuya kuma-8 ekhulwini kubantwana bonke. Phantse amabini amantombazana aya kuba nokudakumba njengamakhwenkwe angama-15 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokusuka ebusheni , abafana banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokudandatheka kunamantombazana.
Iirhafu zokubuyiswa kwe-MDD ziphakamileyo kubantwana abafumana unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kunjalo ke iziqulatho eziphindaphindiweyo zokudakumba.
I-National Institute of Health mentals (NIMH) iphakamisa ukuchongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyangwa koxinzelelo kubantwana , kunikwe imiphumo emfutshane kunye nexesha elide, njengento yokuzithemba , ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukuthatha ingozi, ukuphucula umgangatho wezemfundo, ukuphuhliswa koluntu olubi , kunye nomngcipheko wokuzibulala.
I-Dysthymic Disorder yabantwana
Ingxaki yeDysthymic yinkinga eqhubekayo kodwa enamandla kunokuba i-MDD, ihlala iminyaka emibili.
Abantwana abane-DD bayasebenza ngakumbi kunabantwana abane-MDD. Nangona iimpawu zabo, abantwana abane-DD banokuya esikolweni baze bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi abanye abantwana abane-MDD abanako ukuyenza. Abantwana abane-DD banokuthi bahlupheke kwiDD ixesha elide kangangokuba bakholelwa ukuba iimeko zabo ezidandathekileyo "ziqhelekileyo". Abazali okanye abanye abasondelene nomntwana banokucinga nje ukuba unentloni okanye umntu onokuzithengisa kunokuba abe nengxaki yokudandatheka.
Iimpawu zeDD kubantwana zifana neempawu ze-MDD, kodwa zincinci. Isilinganiso seDD kubantwana ngamaphesenti amathathu. Ngokutsho kukaDkt. Daniel Klein kunye nabalingane, abashicilele isifundo kwi -Journal of Psychiatric Research ngo-2008, iipesenti ezingama-75 zala bantwana bafumana i-MDD. Ukudibanisa kwe-MDD kunye ne-DD kuthathwa njengexinzelelo oluphindwe kabini.
Amanani okubuyiswa kwesifo se-dysthym aphakamileyo kubantwana, ngakumbi ngokunyanga okufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, ngoko kubuye kwakhona. UDkt. Klein kunye nabalingane bakhe bafumanisa ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwamazinga e-DD kwakukho malunga nama-70% ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 kubantwana. Ukongezelela, kwaxelwa ukuba ixesha elide umntwana ehlala kunye neDD, mhlawumbi uya kuba ne-MDD okanye iDD.
I-Bipolar Disorder yabantwana
Uxinzelelo luya kwenzeka njengenxalenye yesifo se-bipolar.
Le yimeko apho umntwana afumana khona umntu kunye neepisodes ezidandathekileyo.
Kukho ukuphikisana malunga nokuxilongwa kweengxaki ze-bipolar kubantwana. Nangona kunjalo, uDkt. Elizabeth Weller, isifo sengqondo esihlolisise ubuntwa BD yabantwana kwiNgxelo ye- Psychiatric ngo-2002, ibika ukuba ngelixa i-BD ingabonakaliyo kubantwana, ikhona kwaye idlalwa ngokungaqhelekanga.
Ukuqala kwe-BD ngokuqhelekileyo kuseneminyaka engama-10 ubudala okanye ukukhula kwabantu abadala, kodwa kunokuvela kubantwana abancinci. Iimpawu zeBD kubantwana abancinci zihlukileyo kunabantwana abadala: Abantwana ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-9 bangabonakalisa ukuthukuthela nokukhathazeka kwengqondo , ukunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuphindaphinda, iimpawu zengqondo kunye nempawu zengqondo.
Emva kweminyaka engama-9, iimpawu ze-BD zifana nabantu abadala abane-BD: I-Elation okanye i-excited state; ukuthatha ingozi; ukukwazi ukusebenza ngokulala okanye ukulala; iingcamango zokugijima; ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza; ulungelelaniso; kunye nengqiqo yamakhono okanye okufezekileyo.
Ukukhishwa kweendaba ka-2007 evela kwi-NIMH kubonise ukuba amazinga okukhubazeka kwengqondo ebuntwaneni yayingama-1%, okuyi-40 kwenyuka ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Unyango luhlala lufunekayo kubantwana abane-BD banikezela ngemiphumo emibi, njengokusebenza kakubi kwezemfundo, ubudlelwane bomntu obuphazamisayo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, nokuzibulala. Amachiza anokunceda ekuqiniseni umntwana, kodwa i-BD ihlala yinkinga yokuphila.
Oko Abazali Bangakwenza
Ukuba ubona iimpawu zengxaki yokudandatheka kumntwana wakho, qhagamshelana nodokotela wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha unako ukulawula i-cause of medical cause kunye nokucebisa unyango xa kufanelekile.
Nangona kunokusongela ukuva ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokudandatheka, akusiyo "isigwebo sempilo." Ngonyango kunye nenkxaso, umntwana wakho angaphinde abuye avuyiswe ebuntwaneni bakhe.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yeengxaki zeengqondo, u-4 Edition, Umbhalo wokuhlaziya. IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2000.
Ukudandatheka kunye nokuzibulala kwabantwana nakwi-Adolescents. Ingxelo yeGqirha Jikelele. http://mentalhealth.about.com/library/sg/chapter3/blsec5.htm
UJim Rosack. "I-Bipolar Disorder Idlalwa Ngangokungaqondakali Ngabantwana, Iingcali Zithi." Iindaba Zeengqondo , Julayi 5, 2002 37 (13): 26.
I-NCHS Idatha ngokufutshane: Ukudandatheka kwi-United States Population Population, 2005-2006. Amaziko Okulawulwa Kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db07.htm
I-Press Release: IiRhafu zeBipolar Diagnosis kwiNtshumo yoLutsha ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka, iipatheni zonyango ezifana ne-Adult. NgoSeptemba 03, 2007. ISiko leSizwe seMpilo yengqondo. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2007/articles-of-bipolar-diagnosis-in-youth-rapidly-climbing-reatreatment-pages-similar-to-adults.shtml
Ziziphi iimpawu kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo? Isizwe seSizwe kwiMpilo yengqondo. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml