Ukukhathazeka kwabantwana
Iziphazamiso ezixhalabisayo zizifo eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezibangelwa ukwesaba okanye uxinzelelo kwiimeko ezithile. Abantwana - nokuba bancinane kakhulu abantwana - abaxhomekeke ekuveliseni ingxaki yokuxhalabisa. Ukuba iimpawu zishiywe zingabonakali kwaye zingaphendulwanga, abasweleyo abaselula banokuhlangabezana nobunzima bezemfundo, iingxaki zentlalo kunye noluntu kunye neengxaki ukulungelelanisa kumava amatsha omtsha.
Ukukhathazeka okuqhelekileyo kubantwana
Ukuphazamiseka Kwentlungu. Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi eziphindaphindiweyo zizinto eziphawulekayo zokuphazamiseka kwesifo. Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi zivakalelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neentloni, ukwesaba okanye ukukhathazeka, ngaphandle kobunobungozi. Umntwana onenkathazo yokuphazamiseka angabonakala exhalabile okanye ephazamisekile ngokubhekisele kwiimeko ezithile okanye unokufumana izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo (oko kukuthi, iintloko zintlungu, isisu esisisigxina) ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lemisebenzi ethile eyoyikisayo. Unako ukuphepha okanye ukungafuni ukuhlala kwiimeko azibona eyoyikisayo ngenxa yokuphendula. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni inkxalabo eyahlukileyo yoxinzelelo ebizwa ngokuba yi- agoraphobia .
I-Disessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) . Ukugubungela kukuphinda kuphindwe, kungenakucatshulwa, kunye neengcinga ezingafunekiyo okanye imifanekiso. Ukunyanzeliswa kuyimilinganiselo yokwenza isenzo esinobunzima kumntwana ukulawula. Iimpawu zendlela yokuziphatha ziquka ukubala, ukuhlamba izandla, ukuphindaphinda igama okanye ukugxila ngokukhethekileyo ekuhleleni izinto okanye izinto ezizodwa.
Ukuhlukana Ukukhathazeka ngengxaki. Ukuxhalabisa ukuxhatshazwa kucingelwa ukuba yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yophuhliso lolutsha. Iqala xa umntwana eneminyaka eyi-8 ubudala kwaye ehla emva kweenyanga ezili-15 ubudala. Ngeli xesha le nto umntwana uyaqonda ukuhlukana phakathi kobuqu kunye nomncedisi oyintloko. Umntwana uyaqonda ukuba unokuhlukaniswa nomgcini, kodwa akaqondi ukuba umnakekeli uya kubuya, okukhokelela ekukhathazeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kokuhlukana, ayiyiyo isigaba sophuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Ubonakalisa ukwesaba okungafanelekanga kokungabikho ekhaya, abazali okanye amanye amalungu omndeni. Umntwana onenkxalabo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwahlukana unokuxhomekeka ngokugqithiseleyo kumalungu entsapho, unokwesaba ukuya esikolweni, okanye ukuba yedwa. Unako ukufumana izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo (okt, intloko, isisu).
Ukukhathazeka kweNtlalo . Iimpawu zengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo zibandakanya ukwesaba okugqithisileyo nokungenangqiqo kweemeko zentlalo. Ukuba unyanzelekile kwimeko eyoyikisayo, umntwana unokuthukuthela aze abonise ingqumbo. Abantwana abanalo mqobo bangaba neentloni kakhulu kubantu abangaziwayo okanye ngamaqela abantu kwaye banokuveza ukuxhalaba kwabo ngokukhala okanye ukunyamekela ngokunyamekela nabanakekeli. Umntwana akanakho ukufuna ukuya esikolweni kwaye unokuphepha ukusebenzisana noontanga.
Phobias . I-phobia yinoyiko olungenangqiqo yento ethile (umzekelo, izigulane) okanye iimeko (umz., Iindawo eziphakamileyo). Ukuba umntwana udibana nomntu oyikiweyo okanye imeko, unokukhathazeka kakhulu, uxhalabele kwaye abe neentloni zokuhlasela. I-Phobias inokukhubaza kwaye iphazamise imisebenzi eyenziwa ngumntwana.
Ukuxhalabisa Okuqhelekileyo . Abantwana abanenkinga yokukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo banenkxalabo enkulu malunga nemiba yemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqhelekileyo balindele inhlekelele okanye iimeko ezimbi kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukukhathazeka okungapheliyo okubangelwa ngabantwana abanenkinga yokukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo kungenangqiqo kwaye kungenangqondo kunikwe iimeko. Abantwana abanenkinga yokukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo banokukhalaza ngezikhalazo ezinokuthi zibandakanya intloko, isisu sithukuthele, isisindo somzimba kunye nokukhathala.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Umntwana onenkxalabo yokuxhalabisa unokufumana izikhalazo eziphathekayo kunye / okanye iimpawu ezinganangqiqo okanye ezingenangqiqo.
Oku kuluhlu lweempawu kunye neempawu ezifumaneka rhoqo kubantwana abanengxaki yokuxhalabisa. Ngokusoloko kunzima ukuhlukanisa le miqondiso kunye neempawu ezithile kwizonyango okanye kwezinye iimeko zengqondo okanye ukuphuhliswa kwesigaba esiqhelekileyo. Olu luhlu aluhlosiwe ukuxilonga - kuphela ugqirha okanye omnye uchwepheshe oqeqeshekileyo angakwazi ukuxilonga umntwana ngengxaki yokuxhalabisa.
- ukwala okanye ukungafuni ukuya esikolweni
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezemfundo
- ukunyaniseka okanye ukwesaba okungaxhomekanga kwiimeko ezikhoyo
- ubunzima, ukwesaba okanye ukuphepha ukusebenzisana noontanga
- izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nokuhlamba izandla, ukubala, okanye ukuhlela izinto
- ukwesaba ukuba kude nekhaya, abazali okanye amanye amalungu entsapho
- ukukhala rhoqo
- izikhalazo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo ezibandakanya intloko, isisu esicasulayo, isisu somzimba okanye ukukhathala
- ubunzima bokulala okanye ubusuku bokulala
- akafuni ukulala yedwa okanye ukwesaba ubumnyama
- kulala
- kunzima ukugxila
- ukucaphukisa okanye ukuvutha komsindo
Olu luhlu aluthethiwanga ukuba luhlanganiswe konke. Umntwana unokufumana ingxaki yokuxhalaba nokuba le miqondiso neempawu azibonakali. Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokuxhalabisa, funa uncedo lochwepheshe .
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2013). I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders, 5th, Washington, DC: Umbhali