Oko Abazali Okufanele Bazazi Ngokunyanzeliswa Kwabantwana
Xa umntwana wakho ufumanisa ukuba uxinezelekile , kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kwintsapho yonke. Ukugqiba ukuba uqale umntwana wakho kumachiza ukulawula ukudakumba kunokungadibanisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngeempembelelo ezifutshane kunye nexesha elide lokuxinezeleka- njengentlalo engaphumeleli yophuhliso loluntu, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukuqhuba kakubi kwezemfundo kunye neengcinga zokuzibulala nokuziphatha - kubalulekile ukufumana unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo kumntwana wakho.
Ukwazi izingozi kunye neenzuzo zamachiza kunye noko ukulinda kunokukunceda wenze isigqibo esithembekileyo kumntwana wakho.
Ukubaluleka kokuPhatha uxinzelelo kubantwana
Ngokutsho kwe-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP), i-3% yabantwana bonke ixilongwa ukuba ixinezelekile. Ininzi yabantwana abafumana amava okwelashwa ukuncipha kwiimpawu zabo kwiinyanga ezimbini. Kunconywa ukuba abantwana bafumane unyango olukhawulezayo ngenxa yezinto ezinokubangelwa yimpembelelo engathandabuzekiyo.
Ngaba Imithi Efanelekileyo Yomntwana Wakho?
Uhlobo kunye nokunyaniseka kwengcinezelo yengane yakho kudlala indima ekungenjalo ukuba imithi ayifanelekanga.
Ngenxa yokugula kwengqondo yoxinzelelo lwe-bipolar kunye nokulinganisela kwisifo esixinzelelekileyo esixinzelelekileyo (MDD), amayeza acacisiwe, njengoko kucetyiswa yi-American Academy of Pediatrics. Kwiimeko ezinzima zokudandatheka, njengento yokubuhlungu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okanye isiganeko esicinezelayo, ukuxhaswa kunye nenkxaso yentsapho inokwanela.
Kuphando olupapashwe ngo-2007, oluxhaswe yiNational Institute of Health mentals (NIMH), i-fluoxetine - eyaziwayo njengeprozac - kunye ne- ctnitive treatment therapy (CBT) yabonisa ukuphucula abantwana abacinezelekileyo ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-fluoxetine kuphela okanye i-CBT yodwa. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo yokudibanisa yonyango ingaba yindlela yokunyanga engcono kumntwana wakho.
Ziziphi iiMedizo zengqondo ezinikezelwe kubantwana?
Okwangoku, i-fluoxetine yodwa imithi evunyiweyo yokukhathazeka kwengcinezelo ebuntwaneni (MDD) eMelika. I-Fluoxetine yi- serotonin e-reuptake inhibitor ekhethiweyo (SSRI), eyandisa inani le-serotonin emzimbeni. I-Serotonin yi- neurotransmitter (imichiza echaphazela imisebenzi yengqondo) eyancipha kubantu abanexinzelelo.
Olunye unyango olwenziwe kunyango lwe-bipolar efana ne-lithium, i- tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) kunye ne- monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) inokumiselwa. Ezi zi yobisi zingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana ngenxa yeempembelelo ezibangelwa yimiphumo emibi kunye nolwazi olunqongophele ngemiphumo yabo kubantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlaziywa nguDkt. Philip Hazell, opapashwe ngo-2002 kwiConnet Database yaseCchrane yeeNkqubo eziPhononongo , wafumanisa ukuba akukho nzuzo yokuphatha abantwana nge-TCA ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ezi zi yobisi azijolisi nje kuphela kwi-serotonin, kodwa kwakhona i-norepinephrine kunye ne-dopamine, ezingenakulinganiswa nezigulane.
Izilumkiso kunye nemiphumo emibi
Ngo-2004, i-FDA ikhuphe isilumkiso sokuba i-SSRI isebenzise kubantwana ingababeka engozini yokuzibulala nokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2007, ngenxa yophicotho lwabo, i-NIMH ikhishwe isitatimenti sokuba iinzuzo ze-SSRI ezisetyenziswayo kubantwana abadandathekileyo zingaba ngaphezu kweyiphi na ingozi.
Ukongezelela, i-FDA ichaza ukuba ukudandatheka ngokwayo kubeka umntwana kwingozi yokuzibulala nokuziphatha.
Imishanguzo ye-SSRI inokubangela ukuba iziganeko zamanqaku kubantwana abathile (kunye nabantu abadala) abaneengxaki zemizwelo, urhulumente obandakanya ukuphakama okuphakamileyo, okugwenxa okanye ukuhamba ngebhayisikili. Ngaloo ndlela, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso abantwana kubompawu.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziyimpembelelo ze-SSRI ziyiyo intloko, isisonguluko, iingxaki zokulala kunye neentlanzi.
Imiphumo emibi yeziyobisi ze-tricyclic ingaba ngumlomo owomileyo, umbono otyhafisiweyo, ukuzithemba, ubunzima bokuvuthwa, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kunye nokutshintsha kwexabiso lentliziyo.
Nayiphi na imiphumo engaqhelekanga okanye eyingozi kakhulu kufuneka ixoxwe ngokukhawuleza kunye nodokotela wengane yakho.
Ukulandela isicwangciso sonyango esibhaliweyo kubalulekile. Amachiza kufuneka athathwe njengalathwayo kwaye akaze ayeke ngaphandle kweengcebiso zonyango.
Yintoni ongayilindela
Kungathatha iiveki ezimbalwa zokusetyenziswa kwamachiza apho ukuba zibe nezibonakaliso zokuphucula kunye neiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 ukufumana impembelelo epheleleyo. Ukusetyenziswa ngokusisigxina kwamayeza akunakufuneka. Abantwana ngamachiza okudakumba kufuneka bahlolisiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuphucula, iziphumo ezimbi, kunye neengcinga zokuziphatha nokuzibulala.
Unokulindela ukuthatha indima echaphazelekayo kwiimpawu zonyango lomntwana. Ukuchazela umntwana wakho ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yintoni imithi kunye nendlela enokumchaphazela ngayo kunokunciphisa uxhalaba oluthile. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yeyeza kunye nokudibanisa into eyoyiyo inokunciphisa ukunganyangeki.
Ukunxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo wakho kubalulekile. Ukuba kufanelekile, ukubandakanya ootitshala bomntwana wakho okanye abanonophelo abongezelelweyo banokukunceda ekunikezeni umzamo wokubuyisela kunye nokusebenzisana.
Imithombo:
Imithi yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula: Ulwazi lwabazali kunye nabanakekeli. Isizwe seSizwe kwiMpilo yengqondo. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/child-and-adolescent-mental-health/antidepressant-medication-for-children-and-adolescents-information-for-parents-and-caregivers.shtml
Usetyenziso oluxhasayo kwi-Children, i-Adolescents kunye nabantu abadala. US Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/UCM096273
UP. Hazell, D. O'Connell, u-D. Heathcote, u-DA uHenry. "I-Tricyclic Drugs for Depress in Children and Adolescents." Iingcombolo zoVavanyo lweSistimo. 2002 2
Iprozac yeMicrosoft Guide. Eli Lilly kunye neNkampani. http://www.prozac.com/Pages/index.aspx
I-SBEA O'Connor, uEder, M. Whitlock, EP "Ukucatshungulwa koxinzelelo lwabantwana kunye neNtsholongwane kwiinkqubo zoNonophelo lweNtloko: Ukuhlolwa kweSingqinisiso zoBungqina be-US Preventive Services Task Force." Izifo zengqondo 4 Apr 09 123 (4): e716-e735.
UNyana, JT Kirchner. "Ukudandatheka kwabantwana kunye nentsha." I-American Family Physician 15 Novemba 2000.