Abaphandi Baqhagamshela I-Alcohol-Nicotine Interaction
Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni abaninzi bakho abahlobo abaphuzayo bashiya?
Ngaba uye wacinga ukuba uye waphumelela ukuyeka ukutshaya, kodwa ngexesha elilandelayo xa unesiphuzo sokusela utywala nje ukuba ufune ukubhema?
Kutheni kunzima kakhulu kubaphuza ukuyeka ukutshaya?
UkuNxiliswa koMnxilongo kuneziNxila
Siyazi ukusuka kumanani kunye nokuqwalasela oku:
- Abantu bayatshisa ngakumbi kwindawo apho utywala khona
- Utywala utshaya ngaphezu kobengezotywala
- Ababhemayo baninzi banokuba ngotywala
Abaphandi kwi-Duke University Medical Centre bakholelwa ukuba bafumene isizathu esisenza ukuba utywala lubonakale luxhomekeke kakhulu ekubhekeni.
Ubunxulumene noTywala, iNicotine
Ubungqina bokuba u-Epidemiological, clinical, kunye nebhubhoratri kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukudibanisa kokuziphatha phakathi kokutshaya ucuba nokusetyenziswa kotywala, "watsho uJed Rose, Ph.D., umlawuli weDucot Nicotine Research Programme kunye nomdali we-nicotine. Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo koogwayi kunye notywala kubeka ingozi kwimpilo ngaphezu kweengozi ezibangelwa ukutshaya yedwa, kwaye ngoko ke yinkinga yempilo yoluntu ebalulekileyo enokufumana ingqwalaselo yophando olongezelelweyo. "
"Ngokukodwa, ukuqonda isiseko se-pharmacological yokusebenzisana phakathi kotywala kunye ne-nicotine kunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezicwangciso ezichanekileyo zokunyanga izidakamizwa" ukusetyenziswa kabini, "kusho uRose.
Umgangatho ophezulu wokuSuwa nokuNwa
Ikhonkco lokuziphatha phakathi kotywala nokutshaya luqinile. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi baDuke:
- Amaphesenti angama-80-90 ama-alcoholic smoke
- Eli nqanaba liphindwe kathathu lilonke labantu
- Ubuninzi bokusela utywala buphindwe ngamaxesha angaphezulu kwama-10
Iimpawu zeNicotine Iziphumo zoTywala?
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abaphandi baye bacacisa malunga nombutho we-alcohol-nicotine.
Olunye uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba kungenxa yokuba iicicin ikhupha impembelelo yobutywala.
Ukusela utywala kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula kunye nokuphazamisa ukusebenza kweminye imisebenzi ebonakalayo, kodwa uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba i-nicotine inokumelana nale mali.
Bobabini ukwandisa iDopamine kwiBrain
Bobabini utywala kunye ne-nicotine banda iqondo le-dopamine kwingqondo, ngoko enye inkolelo esebenzisa i-nicotine kunye notywala kunye kunye nokwandisa ukuzonwabisa ngakumbi ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokwayo.
Okwangoku, uphando oluthile lwe-neurobiological luvelise ulwazi oluphikisanayo malunga nokukhonkxa kwe-nicotine-alcohol. Abanye baye babika ukuba i-ethanol yandisa umsebenzi weengxaki zokufumana iingqondo eziphendulela kwi-nicotine, ngoxa abanye babonise impendulo encinci yamacandelo athile okuthiwa yi-nicotinic receptors phambi ko-ethanol, "kusho abaphandi abaDuke.
Ukufumanisa, abaphandi bakaRose bavavanya amavolontiya angama-48 abahlala betshaya kwaye abavakalisa ukusela ubuncinane ubuncinane besiselo seveki ngeveki.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bakhonjelwe isiselo esinxilisayo okanye isiphuzo se-placebo. Kwiseshoni enye, iivolontiya zanikwa igareyi eliqhelekileyo, kodwa kwesinye iseshoni, zanikwa i-cigaret-free cigarette.
Utywala Uphucula Imiphumo Yomvuzo kaNicotine
Xa kuthelekiswa nalabo baphuza isiphuzo se-placebo, abo babenalwala baxelele ukuba:
- Utywala luphucule imiphumo emivuzo ye-nicotine
- Utywala luphucula imiphumo yokunciphisa i-nicotine
- Iigrarethi ezingenasifo azizange zenze impendulo efanayo
Iqela leDuke liye lagqiba ukuba yi-nicotine ngokwayo, kungekhona ezinye iinkalo zokutshaya, eyona nto yayisisiseko esibalulekileyo ekuveliseni impendulo efanelekileyo kulabo basela utywala.
Nangona inani elincinci leMiphumo ye-Altohol Effects yeNicotine
"Inqanaba elincinci lotywala-ngaphantsi olufunekayo ukunyusa naluphi na uhlobo olulinganiswayo olululo - lwaluyanele ukwandisa inxaxheba kulonwabo kwi-nicotine," kusho uRose.
"Ngenxa yokufumana kwangoku, kunengqiqo yokuba abantu abaninzi baye bayeka ukutshaya xa besela."
Abaphandi bathatha isifundo ngokuqhubekayo ngokunika abachaphazelekayo i-mecamylamine, isicatshulwa esibizwa ngokuba yi-nicotine.
Iimiphumo zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo
Abo bathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukuba utywala luvuselele imiphumo emihle ye-nicotine, kwachazwa nje ngempembelelo eyahlukileyo ye-mecamylamine. Baqala ukutshaya ngaphezulu ukuze bazame ukukhupha umphumo weziyobisi, kodwa ngokubanzi babikezela ukwaneliseka okungaphantsi kokubhema.
Ngako oko, abaphandi baphetha ukuba utshwala luphucula kunokuba lube nefuthe lefuthe le-nicotine, oku kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwabo kunye.
"Ukufumana oko kunokukunceda ukuba abantu bayeke ukutshaya bahlale bephuza xa bephuza utshwala." Ukuqonda okunjalo kunokubangela iindlela ezintsha zokuyeka ukutshaya ezithatha ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi, "kubhala uRose.
I-Mecamylamine inokunceda abanokutshaya bayeke
"I-Mecamylamine inokunika unyango olutsha ukunceda ababhemayo abaphuza utywala bayeke ukuba izidakamizwa njengeMecamylamine zifunyenwe ukulwa nemiphumo ye-nicotine kunye notywala, utsho uRose." Indlela enjalo yokuyeka ukutshaya izakusebenza ngokucokisekileyo kubaphuzi njengoko ingadambisa iminqweno yomibini, "kusho uRose.
Ezi ndlela ziza kuba luncedo kakhulu kubanxilisayo kunye nabantu abanomlutha wotywala, uRose wongezelela. I-National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism yaxhaswa ngemali.
Imithombo:
McIlvain HE, et al "Amanyathelo asebenzayo ekunqumeni ukutshaya ukuphuza utywala." WaseMerika ugqirha. Oktobha 1998.
Rose, JE, et al. "Intsebenziswano ye-Psychopharmacological phakathi kwe-nicotine kunye ne-ethanol." Uphando lweNicotine noTubawa ngoFebruwari 2004