I-Fromm yaziwa ngokuba yinselele kwiingcamango zikaSigmund Freud.
U-Erich Fromm wayengumdlali wezengqondo waseJamani kunye neengqondo ze-psychoanalyst, owayenxulumene neSikole saseFrankfurt ye-theory ebalulekileyo. Wayeyaziwa ngokuphuhlisa into yokuba inkululeko yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuntu, kwaye inzima kwimibono yeSigmund Freud.
Fromm wayengumntwana kuphela ozelwe abazali abangama-Orthodox abangamaYuda eFrankfurt ngo-Matshi 23, 1900.
Emva koko wayeza kuchaza ubuntwaneni bakhe "njengento enomdla kakhulu." Xa uneminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, i-Fromm yayithintele kakhulu ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kwaye yavelisa umdla omkhulu kwiindlela zokuziphatha kwamaqela . Waqala ukukhangela iimpendulo zemibuzo yakhe kwimibhalo yabalingisi kuquka uSigmund Freud noKarl Marx.
Waqhubeka efunda inzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseHeidelberg, efumana udokotela wakhe ngo-1922 phantsi kolawulo luka-Alfred Weber. Ngo-1924, waqala ukufunda i- psychoanalysis kwiYunivesithi yaseFrankfurt ngaphambi kokufudukela eBell Berlin ye-Psychoanalysis. Ngomnyaka we-1926, watshata noFreida Reichmann, umfazi weshumi umdala wakhe owake waba ngu-Fromm's psychoanalyst. Umtshato uchithe emva kweminyaka emine.
Umsebenzi we-Fromm
Kulo lonke ubomi bakhe, u-Fromm wagcina umsebenzi oxakekayo oquka izikhundla ezininzi zokufundisa ngaphezu kokupapashwa kweencwadi ezininzi kunye nokusebenza kwakhe.
U-Fromm wanceda wafumana i-Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Institute, apho wafunda khona ukususela ngo-1929 ukuya ku-1932. Emva kokuba amaNazi aphakanyiswe amandla, iCandelo lafudukela eGeneva, eSwitzerland kwaye kamva liya kwi-University of Columbia eNew York.
Emva kokufudukela eUnited States, i-Fromm yafundiswa kwizikolo ezininzi kuquka iSikole esitsha soPhando lwezeNtlalo, Columbia, neYale.
Ukugxekwa kwakhe kweengcamango zikaSigmund Freud kwaqala ukumenza aphikisana namanye ama-psychoanalyst, kwaye ngo-1944 iNational York Psychoanalytic Institute yammisa ukuba aveze abafundi.
U-Fromm washada kwakhona ngo-1944, waba ngummi wase-US waza waya eMexico enethemba lokunciphisa ukugula kwesibini somfazi. Waqala ukufundisa kwi-National Autonomous University yaseMexico ngo-1949 kwaye waqhubeka esebenza apho ade aphume umhlala-phantsi ngo-1965. Emva kokufa komfazi ngo-1952, i-Fromm yasungula i-Mexican Institute of Psychoanalysis kwaye yaqhubeka isebenza njengomlawuli wayo de kube ngu-1976. ngo-1953 kwaye waqhubeka efundisa eMexico. Wayefundisa kwezinye izikolo kuquka iMichigan State University kunye neYunivesithi yaseNew York.
Ukusuka ukusuka eMexico City ukuya eMuralto, eSwitzerland ngo-1974, apho wahlala khona de wafa ngo-1980.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Namhlanje, u-Erich Fromm ufunyanwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-psychoanalyst yekhulu lama-20. Ngoxa uFrud wayenempembelelo yamandulo kuye, emva kwe-Fromm waba yinxalenye yeqela elaziwa njenge- neo-Freudians elaliquka uKarry Horney noCarl Jung . I-Fromm yayibaluleke kakhulu kwiingcamango zeFrud eziquka ubunzima be-Oedipus , ubomi bokufa kunye nemfundiso ye-libido.
I-Fromm ikholelwa ukuba uluntu kunye nenkcubeko nazo zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni komntu ngamnye.
Umsebenzi omntu oyintloko ebomini kukuzalela, ukuba abe yinto enokwenzeka ngayo. Imveliso ebaluleke kakhulu yomzamo wakhe ubuntu bakhe. " - Umntu ngokwakhe , 1947.
I-Fromm nayo yayinempembelelo enkulu kwiengqondo zobuntu . Wayekholelwa ukuba ubomi bekuphikisana kuba abantu bebonke bendalo kwaye bahluke kuyo. Kule mpikiswano kuvela iimfuno ezingundoqo ezikhoyo ezibandakanya ukuhambelana, ubuchule, ukukhula, ubungqina kunye nesakhelo sokuqhelaniswa, ngokutsho kwe-Fromm.
Ngomsebenzi wakhe, i-Fromm yayiza kuchazela kamva, "Ndandifuna ukuqonda imithetho elawula ubomi bomntu ngamnye, kunye nemithetho yoluntu-oko kukuthi, ngamadoda ebukhosini babo.
Ndazama ukubona inyaniso engapheliyo kwiingcamango zikaFreud ngokuchasene nezi ngcamango ezazifuna ukuhlaziywa. Ndazama ukwenza okufanayo kunye nenkolelo kaMarx, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ndazama ukufika kwintsebenziswano elandelwe ukuqonda nokugxeka kwabo babini bacinga. "
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
- Ukusinda kwiNkululeko, ngo-1941
- Umntu, 1947
- I-Psychoanalysis neNqulo, ngo-1950
- I-Sane Society, ngo-1955
- Ubugcisa Bothando, 1956
- Inhliziyo yoMntu, ngo-1964
- Uhlobo lomntu, ngo-1968
- I-Anatomy of Destruction, 1979
- Ubugcisa bokuba ngu-1993
- KuBuntu, ngo-1997
Iingxelo
Fromm, E. (1947) uMntu ngokwakhe. Uphando kwi-psychology of ethics. I-Greenwich, i-Conn .: iNkulumbuso yaseFawcett.
Fromm, E. (1962). Ngaphandle kwamaketanga engcinga: ukudibana kwam kunye noMarx noFreud. ENew York: uSimon noChuster.
Funk, R. (1999) U-Erich Fromm's Life and Work, erichfromm.org, http://www.erichfromm.de/english/life/life_bio2.html
USmith, MK (2002) 'Erich Fromm: ukuhlukanisa, ukuba nemfundo' i-encyclopedia yemfundo engaqhelekanga, http://www.infed.org/thinkers/fromm.htm